Five Frontiers for Science and Practice of Ecosystem Restoration in East African Forest Landscapes

Dula W. Duguma; Katharina Löhr; Vicky M. Temperton; William Apollinaire; Matthias Baumann; Beth A. Kaplin; Verene Nyiramvuyekure; Susanne Vögele; Laura Kmoch; Tobias Plieninger; Jacqueline Loos; Tsinda Aime; Nzamukosha Beatrice; Sophia Bohn; Uwayezu Ernest; Marina Frietsch; Callixte Gatali; Ndahiriwe Innocent; Angelique Kangondo; Bulonvu Franklin; Leonidas Maniraho; Berta Martín-López; Drocelle Mukaneza; Valery Ndagijimana; Gaelle Ndayizeye; Martin Nizeyimana; Elias Nyandwi; Venant Nzibaza; Stefan Sieber; Ping Sun; Jeffrey L. Ullman; Gloriose Umuziranenge; Meike Wollni; Joern Fischer

doi:10.1002/inc3.70048

Integrative Conservation ›› 2025, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (4) :534 -545. DOI: 10.1002/inc3.70048

PRACTICE AND POLICY

Five Frontiers for Science and Practice of Ecosystem Restoration in East African Forest Landscapes

Author information +

¹. Social-Ecological Systems Institute, Faculty of Sustainability, Universitätsallee 1, Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany

². Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development (HNEE), Eberswalde, Germany

³. Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany

⁴. Institute of Ecology, Faculty of Sustainability, Universitätsallee 1, Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany

⁵. Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany

⁶. Center of Excellence in Biodiversity and Natural Resource Management, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda

⁷. School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA

⁸. Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Chair of Environmental and Resource Economics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

⁹. Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

¹⁰. Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany

¹¹. Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation Group, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria

¹². College of Science and Technology, School of Architecture and Built Environment, Department of Spatial Planning, University of Rwanda, Rwanda

¹³. Forestry Department, Rwanda Polytechnic - Kitabi College, Rwanda

¹⁴. College of Science and Technology, Centre for Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing (CGIS-UR), University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda

¹⁵. School off Governance, Development and Society, College of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda

¹⁶. Rwanda Institute for Conservation Agriculture (RICA), Rwanda

¹⁷. College of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, Rwanda

¹⁸. Forestry department, Institut Supérieur d'Agroforesterie et de Gestion de l'Environnement de Kahuzi-Biega (ISAGE-KB), DRC, Kalehe

¹⁹. Department of Rural and Community Development, Protestant University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda

²⁰. Thaer-Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Agricultural Economics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany

²¹. University of Technology and Arts of Byumba (UTAB), Rwanda

²². Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Thaer-Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Berlin, Germany

²³. Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA

²⁴. Protestant Institute of Arts and Social Sciences, Protestant University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda

²⁵. Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development and Campus Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

duguma2011@gmail.com

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Abstract

Ecosystem restoration, guided by numerous principles and practical guidelines, has been hailed as a strategy to combat climate change, reduce global biodiversity loss, restore ecosystem services, and enhance human well-being. Yet, translating restoration principles into practice remains challenging for policymakers and practitioners. To address this issue, we identify five frontiers for advancing ecosystem restoration in East Africa's forest landscapes, using western Rwanda as a case study. Instead of drawing on existing high-level ecosystem restoration guidelines, we synthesized locally grounded insights into tangible restoration priorities. We conducted a full-day multi-expert workshop using a “world café” approach to facilitate participatory large-group discussions, involving scientists, practitioners, and decision-makers working on ecosystem restoration in Rwanda. Five critical frontiers for ecosystem restoration science and practice were identified: (i) defining ecosystem restoration goals and elements of success; (ii) embedding ecosystem restoration in the promotion of multifunctional landscapes; (iii) enhancing food security, nutrition, and livelihoods through ecosystem restoration; (iv) engaging with values and nature's contributions to people in ecosystem restoration; and (v) governing ecosystem restoration for equity. For each of these frontiers, we highlight the state-of-the-art, emerging research priorities, and recommendations for practice and policy to move ecosystem restoration ahead.

Keywords

benefits / ecosystem restoration / equity / food security / multifunctional landscapes / western Rwanda

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Dula W. Duguma, Katharina Löhr, Vicky M. Temperton, William Apollinaire, Matthias Baumann, Beth A. Kaplin, Verene Nyiramvuyekure, Susanne Vögele, Laura Kmoch, Tobias Plieninger, Jacqueline Loos, Tsinda Aime, Nzamukosha Beatrice, Sophia Bohn, Uwayezu Ernest, Marina Frietsch, Callixte Gatali, Ndahiriwe Innocent, Angelique Kangondo, Bulonvu Franklin, Leonidas Maniraho, Berta Martín-López, Drocelle Mukaneza, Valery Ndagijimana, Gaelle Ndayizeye, Martin Nizeyimana, Elias Nyandwi, Venant Nzibaza, Stefan Sieber, Ping Sun, Jeffrey L. Ullman, Gloriose Umuziranenge, Meike Wollni, Joern Fischer. Five Frontiers for Science and Practice of Ecosystem Restoration in East African Forest Landscapes. Integrative Conservation, 2025, 4(4): 534-545 DOI:10.1002/inc3.70048

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2025 The Author(s). Integrative Conservation published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG).