Leveraging Digital Interventions to Build Public Support for Bold Policy Change Aimed at Conserving Biodiversity

Gareth S. Kindler , Nick Kelly , James E. M. Watson

Integrative Conservation ›› 2025, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (3) : 354 -361.

PDF
Integrative Conservation ›› 2025, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (3) : 354 -361. DOI: 10.1002/inc3.70031
PRACTICE AND POLICY

Leveraging Digital Interventions to Build Public Support for Bold Policy Change Aimed at Conserving Biodiversity

Author information +
History +
PDF

Abstract

Bold policy change is urgently needed to overcome the current biodiversity crisis. A significant concern in conservation research is that for such policy to be successfully implemented, broad and enduring support from political decision-makers and the wider public is required. Here we consider ways to facilitate this support by leveraging digital interventions aimed at raising awareness. We explore the current landscape of digital conservation interventions through the lens of two variables: audience and politicization. Four unique types of digital interventions emerge, each with potential to raise awareness for policy change: niche educational, broad educational, focused and political, and broad and political. We propose that digital conservation interventions aimed at changing the political attitudes of specific groups and reaching broad audiences are currently under-utilized. We finish by sharing examples from conservation and other disciplines that can serve as inspiration to assist in filling these gaps.

Keywords

awareness / biodiversity / digital intervention / policy change / pro-environmental

Cite this article

Download citation ▾
Gareth S. Kindler, Nick Kelly, James E. M. Watson. Leveraging Digital Interventions to Build Public Support for Bold Policy Change Aimed at Conserving Biodiversity. Integrative Conservation, 2025, 4(3): 354-361 DOI:10.1002/inc3.70031

登录浏览全文

4963

注册一个新账户 忘记密码

References

[1]

Allf, B. C., C. B. Cooper, L. R. Larson, et al. 2022. “Citizen Science as an Ecosystem of Engagement: Implications for Learning and Broadening Participation.” BioScience 72, no. 7: 651–663. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biac035.

[2]

Andrachuk, M., M. Marschke, C. Hings, and D. Armitage. 2019. “Smartphone Technologies Supporting Community-Based Environmental Monitoring and Implementation: A Systematic Scoping Review.” Biological Conservation 237: 430–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.07.026.

[3]

Arponen, A., and A. Salomaa. 2023. “Transformative Potential of Conservation Actions.” Biodiversity and Conservation 32, no. 11: 3509–3531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-023-02600-3.

[4]

Balmford, A., R. B. Bradbury, J. M. Bauer, et al. 2021. “Making More Effective Use of Human Behavioural Science in Conservation Interventions.” Biological Conservation 261: 109256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109256.

[5]

Balmford, A., L. Cole, C. Sandbrook, and B. Fisher. 2017. “The Environmental Footprints of Conservationists, Economists and Medics Compared.” Biological Conservation 214: 260–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.07.035.

[6]

Bolam, F. C., L. Mair, M. Angelico, et al. 2021. “How Many Bird and Mammal Extinctions Has Recent Conservation Action Prevented?” Conservation Letters 14, no. 1: e12762. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12762.

[7]

Borg, K., M. Hatty, C. Klebl, et al. 2024. “Backing Biodiversity: Understanding Nature Conservation Behaviour and Policy Support in Australia.” Biodiversity and Conservation 33, no. 8: 2593–2613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02875-0.

[8]

Buchanan, J., K. Pressick-Kilborn, and D. Maher. 2018. “Promoting Environmental Education for Primary School-Aged Students Using Digital Technologies.” Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 15, no. 2: em1661. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/100639.

[9]

Carpenter, S., and D. M. Konisky. 2019. “The Killing of Cecil the Lion as an Impetus for Policy Change.” Oryx 53, no. 4: 698–706. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605317001259.

[10]

CBD. 2020. “Global Biodiversity Outlook 5.” https://www.cbd.int/gbo/gbo5/publication/gbo-5-spm-en.pdf.

[11]

CBD. 2022. “Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (CBD/COP/15/L25).” https://www.cbd.int/conferences/2021-2022/cop-15/documents.

[12]

Curtis, P. G., C. M. Slay, N. L. Harris, A. Tyukavina, and M. C. Hansen. 2018. “Classifying Drivers of Global Forest Loss.” Science 361, no. 6407: 1108–1111. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau3445.

[13]

DiSalvo, C. 2012. Adversarial Design. MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/8732.001.0001.

[14]

Dorward, L. J., J. C. Mittermeier, C. Sandbrook, and F. Spooner. 2017. “Pokémon Go: Benefits, Costs, and Lessons for the Conservation Movement.” Conservation Letters 10, no. 1: 160–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12326.

[15]

Driscoll, D. A., G. E. Garrard, A. M. Kusmanoff, et al. 2021. “Consequences of Information Suppression in Ecological and Conservation Sciences.” Conservation Letters 14, no. 1: e12757. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12757.

[16]

Dunn, M. E., M. Mills, and D. Veríssimo. 2020. “Evaluating the Impact of the Documentary Series Blue Planet II on Viewers' Plastic Consumption Behaviors.” Conservation Science and Practice 2, no. 10: e280. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.280.

[17]

Eyler, A. A., L. Nguyen, J. Kong, Y. Yan, and R. Brownson. 2012. “Patterns and Predictors of Enactment of State Childhood Obesity Legislation in the United States: 2006–2009.” American Journal of Public Health 102, no. 12: 2294–2302. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300763.

[18]

Fjællingsdal, K. S., and C. A. Klöckner. 2022. “ Can We be Entertained to Change Our Lives?: An Introduction to Games for Increasing Environmental Awareness.” In Disruptive Environmental Communication, edited by C. A. Klöckner and E. Löfström, 75–89. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17165-9_5.

[19]

Folke, C., H. Österblom, and J.-B. Jouffray, et al. 2019. “Transnational Corporations and the Challenge of Biosphere Stewardship.” Nature Ecology & Evolution 3, no. 10: 1396–1403. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0978-z.

[20]

Gifford, R.2011. “The Dragons of Inaction: Psychological Barriers That Limit Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation.” American Psychologist 66, no. 4: 290–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023566.

[21]

Goldberg, M. H., A. Gustafson, and S. van der Linden. 2020. “Leveraging Social Science to Generate Lasting Engagement With Climate Change Solutions.” One Earth 3, no. 3: 314–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.08.011.

[22]

Goldberg, M. H., A. Gustafson, S. A. Rosenthal, and A. Leiserowitz. 2021. “Shifting Republican Views on Climate Change Through Targeted Advertising.” Nature Climate Change 11, no. 7: 573. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01070-1.

[23]

Hamilton, C., and A. Macintosh. 2004. Taming the Panda: The Relationship Between WWF Australia and the Howard Government. Australia Institute.

[24]

Han, H., and C. Barnett-Loro. 2018. “To Support a Stronger Climate Movement, Focus Research on Building Collective Power.” Frontiers in Communication 3. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomm.2018.00055.

[25]

IPBES. 2019. Summary for Policymakers of the Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. 60. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3553579.

[26]

IPBES. 2022. Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. April. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6417333.

[27]

IUCN. 2012. “CMP Unified Classification of Conservation Actions Needed.” https://nc.iucnredlist.org/redlist/content/attachment_files/dec_2012_guidance_conservation_actions_needed_classification_scheme.pdf.

[28]

Iyamu, I., O. Gómez-Ramírez, A. X. Xu, et al. 2022. “Challenges in the Development of Digital Public Health Interventions and Mapped Solutions: Findings From a Scoping Review.” Digital Health 8: 20552076221102255. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076221102255.

[29]

A. Joly, S. Vrochidis, K. Karatzas, A. Karppinen and P. Bonnet. 2018. Multimedia Tools and Applications for Environmental & Biodiversity Informatics. Springer International Publishing.

[30]

Kelly, N., G. Kindler, J. Watson, and T. Carden. 2022. “Designing for Connection With Local Threatened Species.” Interactions 29, no. 5: 22–23. https://doi.org/10.1145/3555722.

[31]

Kingdon, J. W. 1995. Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies. HarperCollins College Publishers.

[32]

Klöckner, C. A. 2015. The Psychology of Pro-Environmental Communication. Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137348326.

[33]

Kollmuss, A., and J. Agyeman. 2002. “Mind the Gap: Why Do People Act Environmentally and What Are the Barriers to Pro-Environmental Behavior?” Environmental Education Research 8, no. 3: 239–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620220145401.

[34]

Krosnick, J. A.1990. “Government Policy and Citizen Passion: A Study of Issue Publics in Contemporary America.” Political Behavior 12, no. 1: 59–92.

[35]

Kusmanoff, A. M., F. Fidler, A. Gordon, G. E. Garrard, and S. A. Bekessy. 2020. “Five Lessons to Guide More Effective Biodiversity Conservation Message Framing.” Conservation Biology 34, no. 5: 1131–1141. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13482.

[36]

Leiserowitz, A. 2019. 17. Building Public and Political Will for Climate Change Action. Yale University Press, 155–162.

[37]

Lin Hunter, D. E., G. J. Newman, and M. M. Balgopal. 2023. “What's in a Name? The Paradox of Citizen Science and Community Science.” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 21, no. 5: 244–250. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2635.

[38]

Liu, P., M. Teng, and C. Han. 2020. “How Does Environmental Knowledge Translate Into Pro-Environmental Behaviors?: The Mediating Role of Environmental Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions.” Science of the Total Environment 728: 138126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138126.

[39]

Loyau, A., and D. S. Schmeller. 2017. “Positive Sentiment and Knowledge Increase Tolerance Towards Conservation Actions.” Biodiversity and Conservation 26, no. 2: 461–478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-016-1253-0.

[40]

McGonigal, J. 2011. Reality Is Broken: Why Games Make Us Better and How They Can Change the World. Updated ed. Penguin Group.

[41]

Mesaglio, T., and C. T. Callaghan. 2021. “An Overview of the History, Current Contributions and Future Outlook of iNaturalist in Australia.” Wildlife Research 48, no. 4: 289–303. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR20154.

[42]

Meurk, C. D., J. J. Sullivan, and S. Orchard, et al. 2020. Can Citizen Science Learn Something From Pokemon-Go? https://hdl.handle.net/10182/11459.

[43]

Michie, S., M. M. van Stralen, and R. West. 2011. “The Behaviour Change Wheel: A New Method for Characterising and Designing Behaviour Change Interventions.” Implementation Science 6, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-6-42.

[44]

Miller, T. 2014. “Greenpeace v Shell via Lego: The Building Blocks of a Successful Campaign.” Conversation. October 11. http://theconversation.com/greenpeace-v-shell-via-lego-the-building-blocks-of-a-successful-campaign-32761.

[45]

Nielsen, K. S., T. M. Marteau, and J. M. Bauer, et al. 2021. “Biodiversity Conservation as a Promising Frontier for Behavioural Science.” Nature Human Behaviour 5, no. 5: 550–556. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01109-5.

[46]

NPS. 2022. “How Individual Actions Lead to Conservation Wins.” https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/how-individual-actions-lead-to-conservation-wins.htm.

[47]

Ofcom. 2017. “Children and Parents: Media Use and Attitudes Report 2017.” Ofcom. https://www.ofcom.org.uk/research-and-data/media-literacy-research/childrens/children-parents-2017.

[48]

Österblom, H., J.-B. Jouffray, C. Folke, et al. 2015. “Transnational Corporations as ‘Keystone Actors’ in Marine Ecosystems.” PLoS One 10, no. 5: e0127533. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127533.

[49]

Pabian, S., L. Hudders, K. Poels, F. Stoffelen, and C. J. S. De Backer. 2020. “Ninety Minutes to Reduce One's Intention to Eat Meat: A Preliminary Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Watching the Cowspiracy Documentary on Intention to Reduce Meat Consumption.” Frontiers in Communication 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2020.00069.

[50]

Patterson, T., and S. Barratt. 2019. “Playing for the Planet: How Video Games Can Deliver for People and the Environment.” Report. United Nations Environment Programme, GRID-Arendal. https://apo.org.au/node/225151.

[51]

Pearson, E. L., R. Lowry, J. Dorrian, and C. A. Litchfield. 2014. “Evaluating the Conservation Impact of an Innovative Zoo-Based Educational Campaign: ‘Don't Palm Us Off’ for Orang-Utan Conservation.” Zoo Biology 33, no. 3: 184–196. https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21120.

[52]

Pihkala, P.2020. “The Cost of Bearing Witness to the Environmental Crisis: Vicarious Traumatization and Dealing With Secondary Traumatic Stress Among Environmental Researchers.” Social Epistemology 34, no. 1: 86–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2019.1681560.

[53]

Rai, S.2020. “Policy Adoption and Policy Intensity: Emergence of Climate Adaptation Planning in U.S. States.” Review of Policy Research 37, no. 4: 444–463. https://doi.org/10.1111/ropr.12383.

[54]

Raile, E. D., A. N. W. Raile, C. T. Salmon, and L. A. Post. 2014. “Defining Public Will.” Southeastern Political Review 42, no. 1: 103–130. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12063.

[55]

Ritchie, H., F. Spooner, and M. Roser. 2022. “Biodiversity. Our World in Data.” https://ourworldindata.org/biodiversity.

[56]

Rose, D. C., W. J. Sutherland, T. Amano, et al. 2018. “The Major Barriers to Evidence-Informed Conservation Policy and Possible Solutions.” Conservation Letters 11, no. 5: e12564. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12564.

[57]

Roser-Renouf, C., L. Atkinson, E. Maibach, and A. Leiserowitz. 2016. “The Consumer as Climate Activist.” International Journal of Communication 10: 24. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/4702/1798.

[58]

Ryan, J., S. Mellish, J. Dorrian, T. Winefield, and C. Litchfield. 2020. “Effectiveness of Biodiversity-Conservation Marketing.” Conservation Biology 34, no. 2: 354–367. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13386.

[59]

Sandbrook, C., W. M. Adams, and B. Monteferri. 2015. “Digital Games and Biodiversity Conservation.” Conservation Letters 8, no. 2: 118–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12113.

[60]

Santarossa, S., D. Kane, C. Y. Senn, and S. J. Woodruff. 2018. “Exploring the Role of In-Person Components for Online Health Behavior Change Interventions: Can a Digital Person-to-Person Component Suffice?” Journal of Medical Internet Research 20, no. 4: e8480. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.8480.

[61]

Schmitz, O. J. 2019. 1. Sustaining Humans and Nature as One: Ecological Science and Environmental Stewardship. Yale University Press, 11–19.

[62]

Stoyanov, S. R., O. Zelenko, A. Staneva, et al. 2021. “Development of the Niggle App for Supporting Young People on Their Dynamic Journey to Well-Being: Co-Design and Qualitative Research Study.” JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, no. 4: e21085. https://doi.org/10.2196/21085.

[63]

Tan, C. K. W., and H. Nurul-Asna. 2023. “Serious Games for Environmental Education.” Integrative Conservation 2, no. 1: 19–42. https://doi.org/10.1002/inc3.18.

[64]

Vázquez-Herrero, J., and X. López-García. 2019. “When Media Allow the User to Interact, Play and Share: Recent Perspectives on Interactive Documentary.” New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia 25, no. 4: 245–267. https://doi.org/10.1080/13614568.2019.1670270.

[65]

Vromen, A. 2018. “Political Engagement in the Australian Digital Context.” Australia: Papers on Parliament No. 69. Commonwealth of Australia. https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Powers_practice_n_procedures/pops/Papers_on_Parliament_69/Political_Engagement_in_the_Australian_Digital_Context.

[66]

West, R., and S. Michie. 2016. A Guide to Development and Evaluation of Digital Behaviour Interventions in Healthcare. Silverback Publishing.

[67]

Whitelaw, M., and B. Smaill. 2021. “Biodiversity Data as Public Environmental Media: Citizen Science Projects, National Databases and Data Visualizations.” Journal of Environmental Media 2, no. 1: 79–99. https://doi.org/10.1386/jem_00041_1.

[68]

Wienert, J., T. Jahnel, and L. Maaß. 2022. “What Are Digital Public Health Interventions? First Steps Toward a Definition and an Intervention Classification Framework.” Journal of Medical Internet Research 24, no. 6: e31921. https://doi.org/10.2196/31921.

[69]

Williams, D. R., A. Balmford, and D. S. Wilcove. 2020. “The Past and Future Role of Conservation Science in Saving Biodiversity.” Conservation Letters 13, no. 4: e12720. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12720.

[70]

Zemanek, E.2022. “Between Fragility and Resilience: Ambivalent Images of Nature in Popular Documentaries With David Attenborough.” Anthropocene Review 9, no. 2: 139–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196221093477.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2025 The Author(s). Integrative Conservation published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG).

AI Summary AI Mindmap
PDF

8

Accesses

0

Citation

Detail

Sections
Recommended

AI思维导图

/