Higher levels of the lipophilic antioxidants coenzyme Q₁₀ and vitamin E in long-lived termite queens than in short-lived workers

Abstract

Termite queens and kings live longer than nonreproductive workers. Several molecular mechanisms contributing to their long lifespan have been investigated; however, the underlying biochemical explanation remains unclear. Coenzyme Q (CoQ), a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, plays an essential role in the lipophilic antioxidant defense system. Its beneficial effects on health and longevity have been well studied in several organisms. Herein, we demonstrated that long-lived termite queens have significantly higher levels of the lipophilic antioxidant CoQ₁₀ than workers. Liquid chromatography analysis revealed that the levels of the reduced form of CoQ₁₀ were 4 fold higher in the queen's body than in the worker's body. In addition, queens showed 7 fold higher levels of vitamin E, which plays a role in antilipid peroxidation along with CoQ, than workers. Furthermore, the oral administration of CoQ₁₀ to termites increased the CoQ₁₀ redox state in the body and their survival rate under oxidative stress. These findings suggest that CoQ₁₀ acts as an efficient lipophilic antioxidant along with vitamin E in long-lived termite queens. This study provides essential biochemical and evolutionary insights into the relationship between CoQ₁₀ concentrations and termite lifespan extension.

Keywords

antioxidant defense system / coenzyme Q / termite queens / vitamin E

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2023 2023 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.