Viologen phosphoric acid salt modified PEDOT:PSS for high-performance 3D perovskite photodetectors

Abstract

Perovskite photodetectors (ePDs) have shown significant promise for applications in imaging and optical communications due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. Dark current density (J_d) plays a crucial role in determining the performance of 3D PePDs based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). Herein, a novel viologen derivative, 1-allyl-1′-(2-phosphonoethyl)-viologen (APV), is introduced into PEDOT:PSS to improve the crystalline quality of the perovskite film and effectively suppress dark current. Consequently, the optimized 3D PePD achieves an ultra-low J_d of 5.75 × 10^-7 mA cm^-2 at -0.5 V and a maximum specific detectivity of 2.08 × 10¹³ Jones at 705 nm, positioning it among the top high-performance 3D PePDs for visible photodetection. Furthermore, the optimized PePD exhibits a fast response time of 256 ns and a large bandwidth of 1.5 MHz. Upon successful integration into an optical wireless communication (OWC) system as the signal receiver, it demonstrates a data rate of up to 12.5 Mbps with minimal distortion. We believe that APV modification provides a universal strategy to realize sensitive PePDs, potentially revolutionizing the applications of OWC and imaging.

Keywords

APV / high bandwidth / low dark current / optical wireless communication / perovskite photodetector

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