Advances in CAR-T Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors

Abstract

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy represents a groundbreaking advancement in cancer treatment, demonstrating remarkable antitumor efficacy in hematological malignancies. However, despite the substantial clinical progress achieved with CAR-T cell therapy, its application in the treatment of solid tumors remains limited by various factors, including the intricate tumor microenvironment (TME), CAR-T cell exhaustion, CAR-T cell infiltration into tumor tissue, and antigen heterogeneity. Scientists are relentlessly pursuing research in this domain, driven by the aim of offering newfound hope to cancer patients. In this comprehensive review, we delineate the fundamental principles underlying CAR-T cell therapy, delve into the challenges it encounters, and provide an insightful exploration of the advancements and progress made in the application of CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors.

Keywords

Chimeric Antigen Receptor / CAR-T cell immunotherapy / CAR-T cell exhaustion / Solid tumor / Clinical therapy

Acknowledgments

We would like to express our sincere thanks to the reviewers for their professional scrutiny of this review article, as well as for their constructive comments and invaluable suggestions on the manuscript.

Author Contributions

H.Y. and A.Y. designed the manuscript outline and provided the writing framework. Y.L. and B.Z. collaboratively conceived and wrote the manuscript, with Y.X., R.Z., L.J. and B.Y. all contributing to its composition. Y.L., B.Z. and Y.X. jointly conceived and designed the figures. Y.L. and Y.X. worked together to collect the references. R.Z., L.J. and B.Y. reviewed the content and provided revision suggestions. A.Y. and H.Y. offered professional advice and guidance for the manuscript. All authors have made contributions to the revision of the manuscript and have read and approved the submitted version.

Ethics Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable.

Funding

This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (grant 242300421093), the 111 Project (NO. D20036) and the Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Shaanxi Innovation Capability Support Plan (grant 2022TD-47).

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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