Exercise is a promising intervention for frailty, but optimal protocols and implementation approaches remain unclear. In this review, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to synthesize research growth, collaborations, intellectual structure, and gaps in the literature on frailty and exercise over the past two decades. The Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for relevant publications from 1987 - 2024. The bibliometric analysis examined publication trends over time, contributing countries, institutions, authors, journals, research themes and hotspots, collaboration patterns, and evidence gaps. Data visualization and mapping were conducted using VOSviewer, Biblioshiny, and ScientoPy. A total of 447 publications were included in the analysis. The results indicate that research output has grown rapidly since 2010, led by the United States of America (USA), China, Japan, Spain, and Italy. The University of Valencia (n = 12) and the School of Medicine, USA (n = 11) were the most prolific institutions. Five key research clusters were identified through keyword analysis: (i) Frailty assessment, (ii) clinical trials, (iii) cognition, (iv) exercise protocols, and (v) physical outcomes. Regional collaborations were prominent between European, North American, and East Asia-Pacific countries. The bibliometric analysis revealed a surge in publications, with research concentrated in a few productive hubs. There is potential for newer institutions to emerge through international collaborations. Addressing gaps in qualitative, psychosocial, economic, implementation, and translational research could accelerate the translation of evidence into policy and practice. Continued knowledge sharing and partnerships focused on priority gaps can optimize exercise interventions amidst global population aging. This review synthesized the growth, collaborative landscape, and intellectual structure of research on frailty and exercise over nearly four decades. The findings provide insights to inform future research directions and facilitate the translation of evidence into optimized exercise protocols that can be implemented at scale to benefit frail older adults.

Frailty is a complex, aging-related clinical syndrome characterized by decreased reserves to stressors. Factors in early life are posited to have a long-term impact on health through separate and combined effects of biological, behavioral, and psychosocial mechanisms. There is a consensus that physical, behavioral, psychosocial, and environmental risk factors in early life play essential roles in developing frailty in old age. Over the past two decades, we have witnessed a proliferation of literature on early-life risk factors for frailty in developed and developing countries and areas. We summarized empirical studies examining how early-life risk factors contributed to the development of frailty. We classified risk factors into four dimensions: biological factors, socioeconomic circumstances, healthy lifestyles, and environmental exposures. We identified a wide range of biological (body size and intelligence), social (education, parental education, and socioeconomic conditions), lifestyle (childhood health status and nutritional status), and environmental factors (home environment, neighborhood quality, and traumatic wartime experience) associated with frailty in old age. Future research should adopt novel methodologies to address the complexity and interconnectedness of risk factors in distinct early-life stages, use more rigorous study designs and analytic tools to unravel the underlying mechanisms, and pay more attention to the transition and progression of frailty. This review highlights the enduring impact of early-life experiences on frailty and suggests the necessity of designing frailty interventions from a life course perspective. Interventions improving early-life circumstances might delay or even prevent the emergence of frailty in old age.

Historical information on tribal populations in the United States is incomplete. American Indians and Alaska Natives were not enumerated with the general population until the 1940 decennial census. However, Indian Census Rolls were produced for the period 1885 - 1940 under the auspices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in the U.S. The information given in the Indian Census Rolls varies but usually includes the roll number, age, gender, tribal identity, and relationship to the head of the family. In this paper, we present background information on Indian Census Rolls and demonstrate how the digitized microfiche census roll schedules can be assembled into an Excel file. We also provide examples of the potential uses of Indian Census Rolls. We conclude that Indian Census Rolls can not only help bridge the gaps in the historical demography of American Indians but also provide the basis for a clearer picture of the current and future demographic characteristics of American Indians.

The popularity of Internet use brings more potential for healthy cognitive aging among older adults. Emerging studies have examined the age and gender differences in the link between older adults’ Internet use and cognition. However, few studies have investigated the gendered age difference regarding this association. The purpose of this study was to examine whether age would moderate the effect of Internet use on cognition among middle-aged and older adults and whether this relationship would be different between men and women. A total of 6,338 adults aged 50 or older were drawn on from the 2016 Wave of the Health and Retirement Study. Sequential linear regressions were conducted to examine the interactions between Internet use, age, and gender on cognition. The three-way interaction of Internet use, age, and gender was a significant predictor of cognition (β = 0.01, p < 0.05). Specifically, the positive effect of Internet use on cognition was higher among older women of older age than those of younger age, while the positive effect remained the same for older men of different ages. The Internet offers a valuable resource for engaging middle-aged and older adults in activities that not only provide social interaction but also stimulate cognitive processes. The study suggests that the aging process does not necessarily inhibit the cognitive benefits that middle-aged and older adults can gain from using the Internet. Findings from this study indicated that future Internet/technology training to increase cognition among middle-aged and older adults should be age- and gender-tailored.

As the population aging process continues, concerns about how this situation impacts the housing market and social security rise. To address this question, this paper presents a developed and calibrated general equilibrium life-cycle model incorporating two production sectors to analyze the impacts of demographic structure changes and retirement policy reforms on housing price fluctuations and household choices. The model calibrated to the U.S. macroeconomic data between 1968 and 2018 suggests that in an economy with unlimited land supply, the housing supply curve exhibits perfect elasticity, rendering demographic changes insignificant in housing price fluctuations, while technological advancements lead to decreased prices. A 1% growth in productivity in both sectors results in a 2.6% decrease in house prices. Furthermore, a 1% decrease in population and a 5-year early retirement led to significant reductions of 25% and 30% in individual social security payments and 9% and 18% in interest rates, respectively. This suggests that during a recession caused by demographic structural changes, households become more conservative and prioritize precautionary saving strategies, increasing savings and investing more in housing assets. Consistent with empirical findings, during an economic boom, a decline in the capital-output ratio and the real housing price suggests a decrease in savings and housing asset investment. The rise in consumption drives the capital demand of the non-housing sector to increase, stimulating business expansion and labor inflow.

As the average life expectancy continues to rise, the prevalence of multimorbidity is also expected to increase, potentially leading to outcomes such as functional decline, a higher risk of premature death, and adverse effects on overall health and well-being. This study aimed to estimate the survival rates of older adults with varying levels of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and to assess the association between the domains and components of the 36-item Short Form Health Survey and all-cause mortality over a 10-year period in Brazil. We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study using baseline data from 1,520 elders (aged 60 years and older) who participated in the Health Care Survey of the Municipality of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (ISACamp 2008/2009). A linkage was established between the ISACamp databases and the Mortality Information System. An active search was performed for individuals whose data could not be paired to confirm the death status. Survival functions were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, while hazard ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) were determined using Cox regression analysis. All HRQoL domains showed proportional hazards and statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between survival curves, except for the bodily pain domain. In the multivariate analysis, lower scores in physical functioning and role-physical were associated with a 74% and 42% increased risk of death, respectively. In addition, impairments in role-emotional, mental health, and general health heightened the risk of mortality by approximately 36%. Notably, the lowest score in the physical component emerged as a significant predictor of mortality, increasing the probability of death by 47%, while the mental component showed no significant association. Our findings provide compelling evidence of the predictive capacity of HRQoL in evaluating mortality risk among older people in low- and middle-income countries.

The present research aims to explore the role of Hofstede’s cultural values and conformity in shaping people’s attitudes toward workplace gender equity (WGE). Furthermore, it explores the mediating role of conformity between cultural values and WGE using the Hayes Process Macro. Results reveal that both cultural values and conformity significantly predict employees’ preference for gender equity, and conformity significantly mediates the relationship between ones’ cultural orientation and their attitudes toward gender parity. Furthermore, gender, sector, and generation-based comparisons on the aforementioned variables indicate significant differences. The study has important implications as it proffers a theoretical model that explains the various contextual factors responsible for employees’ gender-related attitudes.

The transport and logistics sector is described as non-traditional for women because the industry mostly employs men and the tasks undertaken are viewed as masculine. Therefore, the difficulties that women face when working in the transport and logistics sector are recognized as different from women working in traditional areas. Women continue to be under-represented, especially in the transport and logistics sector. Inequity and career barriers continue to be an issue within this sector. A lack of interest toward the issue of inequality of genders in the logistics industry in Malaysia will further worsen the disinterest in the issue. The challenges faced by women in the logistics industry are framed by the community which sees the industry as not belonging to women. However, the number of women involved in this industry increases on a yearly basis. Despite the issue of work-life balance due to round the clock working conditions, women remain in this challenging industry. Hence, to address this issue, the authors unearth the factors influencing the intention to stay among women in the logistics industry by extending the self-determination theory with job satisfaction and family supervisor supportive behavior as additional predictors, and work-life balance as a moderator. By adapting a purposive sampling method, a total of 248 usable questionnaires were gathered from women in the logistics industry in Malaysia. The findings indicate that extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation, job satisfaction, and family supportive supervisory behavior have a positive relationship with the intention to stay in the logistics industry. Furthermore, work-life balance moderates the relationship between job satisfaction and extrinsic motivation toward the intention to commit to the logistic industry. The present study provides a foundation for human resource departments to reduce the prevalence of retention issues and decrease the number of talented employees who leave their work, especially women in the logistics field.

In recent years, various debates have emerged in the literature regarding the conceptualization of active aging. However, there is a lack of tools to assess active aging at the individual level. The aim of this paper is to develop a measurement tool and procedure for assessing active aging focused on an individual level, encompassing different elements of people’s lives, and providing an individual quantitative result for each person. To achieve this aim, a representative sample of 404 community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥ 60 years) from Galicia, Spain, was interviewed using a structured survey guided by a questionnaire. The tool is based on an empirically validated model of active aging, which comprises two broad categories (health and participation) as well as a measurement tool. The results presented demonstrate how a region in Spain is actively aging. The discussion highlights the potential of this tool, which integrates different approximations of the concept and underscores its importance in people’s lives.

The main objective of this study is to investigate the pattern of age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) in India using deterministic and non-deterministic approaches. Toward this end, we proposed statistical polynomial regression models to study the distributional pattern of ASFRs for total, rural, and urban women in India. Further, a comparative study considering selected skewed regression models was undertaken. For this study, secondary data on ASFR were collected from Sample Registration System, Statistical Report-2020, and from National Family Health Survey 5 (NFHS-5; 2019 - 2021). It was found that all three subcategories of ASFRs, namely, the total, rural, and urban ASFRs, followed the reciprocal biquadratic polynomial model. On the other hand, all three subcategories of ASFR follow the skew-normal type 2 distribution. Similar findings were also obtained and validated based on NFHS-5 data. Further, the chosen statistical models’ validity and stability were tested using various model validation techniques and model selection criteria.