Dental remineralization via poly(amido amine) and restorative materials containing calcium phosphate nanoparticles

Abstract

Tooth decay is prevalent, and secondary caries causes restoration failures, both of which are related to demineralization. There is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic materials with remineralization functions. This article represents the first review on the cutting edge research of poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) in combination with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP). PAMAM was excellent nucleation template, and could absorb calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ions via its functional groups to activate remineralization. NACP composite and adhesive showed acid-neutralization and Ca and P ion release capabilities. PAMAM+NACP together showed synergistic effects and produced triple benefits: excellent nucleation templates, superior acid-neutralization, and ions release. Therefore, the PAMAM+NACP strategy possessed much greater remineralization capacity than using PAMAM or NACP alone. PAMAM+NACP achieved dentin remineralization even in an acidic solution without any initial Ca and P ions. Besides, the long-term remineralization capability of PAMAM+NACP was established. After prolonged fluid challenge, the immersed PAMAM with the recharged NACP still induced effective dentin mineral regeneration. Furthermore, the hardness of pre-demineralized dentin was increased back to that of healthy dentin, indicating a complete remineralization. Therefore, the novel PAMAM+NACP approach is promising to provide long-term therapeutic effects including tooth remineralization, hardness increase, and caries-inhibition capabilities.

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Funding

University of Maryland School of Dentistry bridging fund (HX), and University of Maryland Baltimore seed grant (HX)

National Natural Science Foundation of China (81800965, L.K.N), Fundamental Research Funds for Central University 2018SCU12016 (L.K.N), China Postdoctoral Science Grant 2018M643507 (L.K.N), Research Fund of West China Hospital WCHS-201705 (L.K.N), Research Fund for Resins of Chinese Stomatological Association CSA-R2018-06 (L.K.N)

National Natural Science Foundation of China (81670977, L.J.Y.), Sichuan Science and Technology program (Grant No. 2017SZ0030)