Salivary protease spectrum biomarkers of oral cancer

Abstract

Patients with oral cancer have elevated levels of certain protease enzymes in their saliva, a finding that could help with screening and diagnosis. Xuedong Zhou and colleagues from Sichuan University, China, collected saliva samples from patients with different mouth diseases—a type of cancer known as oral squamous cell carcinoma, benign mouth lesions or mild chronic gum disease—as well as healthy controls. They tested the saliva for levels of 35 different proteases, a class of enzymes involved in cleaving proteins, and identified several proteases present only in the saliva of patients with oral cancer, three of which they showed were expressed at high levels in cultured oral tumor cell lines as well. These proteases could thus serve as useful biomarkers in a future spit test for early cancer detection and disease monitoring.

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