Interleukin-1 and estrogen protect against disseminating dentoalveolar infections

Abstract

Estrogen and interleukin-1(IL-1), a key regulator of immune responses, work together to confine dental infections to the local oral tissue. Left untreated, dental infection can spread to the head and neck causing further disease or death. Hesham Youssef and Philip Stashenko of the Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, USA, inhibited the action of IL-1 in mice before inducing infection in the dental pulp. They found that blocking IL-1 prevented the localization of infection in male mice but not in female mice. Subsequent blocking of estrogen in female mice also allowed infection to spread. The team found that estrogen increased the production of IL-1, which overcame the blockade and contributed to an effective immune response. This study highlights the importance of sex-specific responses to infection and offers a new avenue of exploration toprevent potentially lethal disease.

Keywords

cytokines / dentoalveolar / disseminating infections / estrogen / neutrophils

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