Diabetes mellitus related bone metabolism and periodontal disease

Abstract

The negative impact of diabetes on bone quantity and quality can lead to an increased risk of fractures and severe gum disease. Dana Graves from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and colleagues reviewed the mechanisms behind bone loss in people with diabetes and the link to severe gum disease (periodontitis). Diabetes reduces bone-forming cells and bone turnover, while enhancing the number of cells that break down and absorb bone tissue back into the body. These changes in bone metabolism increase the risk of fracture and severe periodontitis. Diabetes is one of the main risk factors for periodontitis, people with diabetes being three to four times more likely to have the disease. This higher risk is most likely due to an exaggerated immune and inflammatory response to the bacteria responsible for gum disease.

Keywords

bone loss / diabetes mellitus / hyperglycemia / inflammation / osseous / osteoblast / osteoclast / periodontitis

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