Grain growth kinetics model of high-temperature ferrite and austenite in Ti microalloyed steel during continuous casting

Tianci Chen; Cheng Ji; Jianhua Yang; Yunguang Chi; Miaoyong Zhu

doi:10.1007/s12613-024-2991-8

International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6) :1390 -1403. DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-2991-8

Research Article

research-article

Grain growth kinetics model of high-temperature ferrite and austenite in Ti microalloyed steel during continuous casting

Author information +

History +

PDF

Abstract

The microstructural characteristics of austenite in Ti microalloyed steel during continuous casting significantly influence the thermoplasticity, thereby affecting the quality of the slab. In this work, a prediction model for two-stage austenite growth under varying cooling rates was established by incorporating the effect of second-phase pinning and high-temperature ferrite–austenite phase transformation and growth theory. The results indicate that with 0.02wt% Ti, the high-temperature ferrite growth exhibits typical parabolic growth characteristics. When the Ti content increases to 0.04wt%, the high-temperature ferrite grain boundary migration rate significantly slows during the initial solidification stage. The predicted austenite grain sizes for 0.02wt% Ti microalloyed steel at the center, quarter, and surface of the slab are 5592, 3529, and 1524 µm, respectively. For 0.04wt% Ti microalloyed steel, the austenite grain sizes are 4074, 2942, and 1179 µm at the same positions. The average error is within 5%. As the Ti content increases from 0.02wt% to 0.04wt%, the austenite grain refinement at the center is most significant, with an average grain size reduction of 27.14%.

Keywords

Ti microalloyed steel / slab continuous casting / phase transfer / Ti carbonitrides / austenite growth kinetics

Cite this article

Download citation ▾

Tianci Chen, Cheng Ji, Jianhua Yang, Yunguang Chi, Miaoyong Zhu. Grain growth kinetics model of high-temperature ferrite and austenite in Ti microalloyed steel during continuous casting. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 2025, 32(6): 1390-1403 DOI:10.1007/s12613-024-2991-8

登录浏览全文

4963

注册一个新账户忘记密码

References

Publishing order | Descend order by publishing year | Descend order by cited within

[1]	Yang JP, Liu Q, Guo WD, Zhang JG. Quantitative evaluation of multi-process collaborative operation in steelmaking–continuous casting sections. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater.. 2021, 2881353.

[2]	Li QH, Lan P, Wang HJ, Ai HZ, Chen DL, Wang HD. Formation and control of the surface defect in hypo-peritectic steel during continuous casting: A review. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater.. 2023, 30122281.

[3]	Wang ZL, Bao YP. Development and prospects of molten steel deoxidation in steelmaking process. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater.. 2024, 31118.

[4]	Zhu MY, Wang WX. Numerical simulation of the deformation risk in thin slab continuous casting process with liquid core reduction. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater.. 2025, 3251114.

[5]	An JZ, Cai ZZ, Zhu MY. Effect of titanium content on the refinement of coarse columnar austenite grains during the solidification of peritectic steel. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater.. 2022, 29122172.

[6]	Y.D. Wang, Q. Ren, L.F. Zhang, et al., Formation and control of transverse corner cracks in the continuous casting slab of a microalloyed steel, Steel Res. Int., 92(2021), No. 6, art. No. 2000649.

[7]	R.M. Pineda Huitron, P.E. Ramirez Lopez, E. Vuorinen, R. Jentner, and M.E. Kärkkäinen, Converging criteria to characterize crack susceptibility in a micro-alloyed steel during continuous casting, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 772(2020), art. No. 138691.

[8]	Labonne M, Graux A, Cazottes Set al. . Precipitation kinetics in a Nb-stabilized ferritic stainless steel. Metall. Mater. Trans. A. 2017, 4883655.

[9]	Chamanfar A, Chentouf SM, Jahazi M, Lapierre-Boire LP. Austenite grain growth and hot deformation behavior in a medium carbon low alloy steel. J. Mater. Res. Technol.. 2020, 9612102.

[10]	Xu Y, Liu JS, Zhao Y, Jiao YX. Austenite grain growth kinetics and mechanism of grain growth in 12Cr ultra-supercritical rotor steel. Philos. Mag.. 2021, 101177.

[11]	F. Zhao, H. Hu, X.H. Liu, Z.H. Zhang, and J.X. Xie, Effect of billet microstructure and deformation on austenite grain growth in forging heating of a medium-carbon microalloyed steel, J. Alloy. Compd., 869(2021), art. No. 159326.

[12]	Lee SJ, Lee YK. Prediction of austenite grain growth during austenitization of low alloy steels. Mater. Des.. 2008, 2991840.

[13]	Hu H, Rath BB. On the time exponent in isothermal grain growth. Metall. Trans.. 1970, 1113181.

[14]	Andersen I, Grong Ø. Analytical modelling of grain growth in metals and alloys in the presence of growing and dissolving precipitates—I. Normal grain growth. Acta Metall. Mater.. 1995, 4372673.

[15]	Patterson BR, Liu Y. Relationship between grain boundary curvature and grain size. Metall. Trans. A. 1992, 2392481.

[16]	Eskandari H, Reihanian M, Zaree SRA. Constitutive modeling, processing map optimization, and recrystallization kinetics of high-grade X80 pipeline steel. J. Mater. Res. Technol.. 2024, 33: 2315.

[17]	Nes E, Ryum N, Hunderi O. On the Zener drag. Acta Metall.. 1985, 33111.

[18]	Yoshida N, Umezawa O, Nagai K. Analysis on refinement of columnar γ grain by phosphorus in continuously cast 0.1 mass% carbon steel. ISIJ Int.. 2004, 443547.

[19]	Enomoto M, Hayashi K. Estimation of austenite grain boundary mobility in low-carbon steel by grain growth. J. Mater. Sci.. 2023, 58104603.

[20]	M. Kern, M. Bernhard, C. Bernhard, and Y.B. Kang, Grain boundary mobility of γ-Fe in high-purity iron during isothermal annealing, Scripta Mater., 230(2023), art. No. 115431.

[21]	Wang SZ, Gao ZJ, Wu GL, Mao XP. Titanium microalloying of steel: A review of its effects on processing, microstructure and mechanical properties. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater.. 2022, 294645.

[22]	An JZ, Cai ZZ, Cheng B, Zhu MY. Nb–Ti composite precipitation behaviour and its effect on the growth of austenite grains in peritectic steel. Ironmaking Steelmaking. 2022, 5071

[23]	Ji C, Wu CH, Zhu MY. Thermo-mechanical behavior of the continuous casting bloom in the heavy reduction process. JOM. 2016, 68123107.

[24]	Wang JC, Liu ZT, Chen W, Chen HL, Zhang LF. Numerical simulation on the multiphase flow and reoxidation of the molten steel in a two-strand tundish during ladle change. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater.. 2024, 3171540-1553.

[25]	Ji C, Chen TC, Zhu MY. Carbonitride precipitation kinetics model during continuous casting of Ti microalloyed steel. Metall. Mater. Trans. A. 2024, 5583045.

[26]	Chen Y, Ji C, Zhu MY. Prediction model of the proeutectoid ferrite growth of a continuous casting slab. Metall. Mater. Trans. A. 2023, 5441101.

[27]	Turnbull D. Theory of grain boundary migration rates. JOM. 1951, 38661.

[28]	Zhou TH, O’malley RJ, Zurob HS. Study of grain-growth kinetics in delta-ferrite and austenite with application to thin-slab cast direct-rolling microalloyed steels. Metall. Mater. Trans. A. 2010, 4182112.

[29]	Humphreys F J, Hatherly M. Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena. 20042nd ed.Oxford, Elsevier Ltd.335

[30]	Tang PZ, Zhang HH, Long MJ, Chen DF, Wang K. A prediction model for continuous growth of austenite grains in steel casting blank: Considering complex temperature variation. Metall. Mater. Trans. B. 2024, 551195.

[31]	Harun A, Holm EA, Clode MP, Miodownik M A. On computer simulation methods to model zener pinning. Acta Metall.. 2006, 54123261

[32]	T. Shimokawa, K. Fujii, and T. Niiyama, Atomic simulation study of the factors affecting nucleation in deformation-induced martensitic transformation in grains and at grain boundaries in pure iron, Acta Mater., 265(2024), art. No. 119629.