Quantitative micro-electrochemical study of duplex stainless steel 2205 in 3.5wt% NaCl solution

Abstract

Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are suffering from various localized corrosion attacks such as pitting, selective dissolution, crevice corrosion during their service period. It is of great value to quantitatively analyze and grasp the micro-electrochemical corrosion behavior and related mechanism for DSSs on the micrometer or even smaller scales. In this work, scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) measurements were performed to reveal the difference between the austenite phase and ferrite phase in microregion of DSS 2205. Then traditional electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) tests were employed for micro-electrochemical characterization of DSS 2205 with different proportion phases in ϕ40 and ϕ10 µm micro holes. Both of them can only be utilized for qualitative or semi-quantitative micro-electrochemical characterization of DSS 2205. Coulostatic perturbation method was employed for quantitative micro-electrochemical characterization of DSS 2205. What is more, the applicable conditions of coulostatic perturbation were analyzed in depth by establishing a detailed electrochemical interface circuit. A series of microregion coulostatic perturbations for DSS 2205 with different proportion phases in ϕ10 µm micro holes showed that as the austenite proportion increases, the corresponding polarization resistance of microregion increases linearly.

Keywords

duplex stainless steel 2205 / quantitative micro-electrochemical study / electrochemical impedance spectroscopy / coulostatic perturbation / scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy

References

[1] Verma J, Taiwade RV. Effect of welding processes and conditions on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steel weldments—A review. J. Manuf. Process., 2017, 25, 134.

[2] Yuan JT, Zhang HH, Fu AQ, Yin CX, Zhu M, Lv NX, Xu XQ, Miao J. Insights into the corrosion perforation of UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel weld in gas transportation pipelines. Mater. Corros., 2017, 68(8): 858.

[3] Pamuk S, Sojiphan K. Effects of argon-nitrogen backing gas ratios on microstructure and corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steel pipe ASTM A790 welds by gas tungsten arc welding process. Mater. Today: Proc., 2018, 5(3): 9512

[4] Yang SF, Wen Y, Yi P, Xiao K, Dong CF. Effects of chitosan inhibitor on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 2017, 24(11): 1260.

[5] Nithin Raj P, Navaneethkrishnan PK, Sekar K, Joseph MA. Comparative study of mechanical, corrosion and erosion-corrosion properties of cast hyper-duplex and super-duplex stainless steels. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 2020, 27(7): 954.

[6] Olsson COA, Landolt D. Passive films on stainless steels—chemistry, structure and growth. Electrochim. Acta, 2003, 48(9): 1093.

[7] Strehblow HH. Passivity of metals studied by surface analytical methods, a review. Electrochim. Acta, 2016, 212, 630.

[8] Cheng XQ, Wang Y, Dong CF, Li XG. The beneficial galvanic effect of the constituent phases in 2205 duplex stainless steel on the passive films formed in a 3.5% NaCl solution. Corros. Sci., 2018, 134, 122.

[9] Tayyab KB, Farooq A, Alvi AA, Nadeem AB, Deen KM. Corrosion behavior of cold-rolled and post heat-treated 316L stainless steel in 0.9wt% NaCl solution. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 2021, 28(3): 440.

[10] Perren RA, Suter TA, Uggowitzer PJ, Weber L, Magdowski R, Böhni H, Speidel MO. Corrosion resistance of super duplex stainless steels in chloride ion containing environments: Investigations by means of a new microelectrochemical method: I. Precipitation-free states. Corros. Sci., 2001, 43(4): 707.

[11] Femenia M, Pan J, Leygraf C, Luukkonen P. In situ study of selective dissolution of duplex stainless steel 2205 by electrochemical scanning tunnelling microscopy. Corros. Sci., 2001, 43(10): 1939.

[12] M. Femenia, J. Pan, and C. Leygraf, Characterization of ferrite-austenite boundary region of duplex stainless steels by SAES, J. Electrochem. Soc., 151(2004), No. 11, art. No. B581.

[13] Tsai WT, Chen JR. Galvanic corrosion between the constituent phases in duplex stainless steel. Corros. Sci., 2007, 49(9): 3659.

[14] Olsson COA. The influence of nitrogen and molybdenum on passive films formed on the austenoferritic stainless steel 2205 studied by AES and XPS. Corros. Sci., 1995, 37(3): 467.

[15] Jin Y, Lai ZG, Bi P, Yan ST, Wen L, Wang YC, Pan JS, Leygraf C. Combining lithography and capillary techniques for local electrochemical property measurements. Electrochem. Commun., 2018, 87, 53.

[16] S.Y. Cai, L. Wen, X.Q. Yao, F.F. Huang, Z.G. Yu, and Y. Jin, Coulostatic perturbation measurements and the corresponding time-to-frequency transform data analysis for micro-electrochemical study, J. Electrochem. Soc., 168(2021), No. 2, art. No. 021508.

[17] Lai ZG, Bi P, Wen L, Xue YP, Jin Y. Local electrochemical properties of fusion boundary region in SA508-309L/308L overlay welded joint. Corros. Sci., 2019, 155, 75.

[18] Nakhaie D, Davoodi A, Imani A. The role of constituent phases on corrosion initiation of NiAl bronze in acidic media studied by SEM-EDS, AFM and SKPFM. Corros. Sci., 2014, 80, 104.

[19] Weber L, Uggowitzer PJ. Partitioning of chromium and molybdenum in super duplex stainless steels with respect to nitrogen and nickel content. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1998, 242(12): 222.

[20] Lu YC, Ives MB, Clayton CR. Synergism of alloying elements and pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steels. Corros. Sci., 1993, 35(1–4): 89.

[21] Birbilis N, Padgett BN, Buchheit RG. Limitations in microelectrochemical capillary cell testing and transformation of electrochemical transients for acquisition of microcell impedance data. Electrochim. Acta, 2005, 50(16–17): 3536.

[22] Cai SY, Wen L, Jin Y. A comparative study on corrosion kinetic parameter estimation methods for the early stage corrosion of Q345B steel in 3.5wt% NaCl solution. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 2017, 24(10): 1112.