Enhancement of ductility and improvement of abnormal Goss grain growth of magnetostrictive Fe–Ga rolled alloys

Abstract

The influences of initial microstructures on the mechanical properties and the recrystallization texture of magnetostrictive 0.1at% NbC-doped Fe₈₃Ga₁₇ alloys were investigated. The directionally solidified columnar-grained structure substantially enhanced the tensile elongation at intermediate temperatures by suppressing fracture along the transverse boundaries. Compared with tensile elongations of 1.0% at 300°C and 12.0% at 500°C of the hot-forged equiaxed-grained alloys, the columnar-grained alloys exhibited substantially increased tensile elongations of 21.6% at 300°C and 46.6% at 500°C. In the slabs for rolling, the introduction of <001>-oriented columnar grains also promotes the secondary recrystallization of Goss grains in the finally annealed sheets, resulting in an improvement of the saturation magnetostriction. For the columnar-grained specimens, the inhomogeneous microstructure and disadvantage in number and size of Goss grains are improved in the primarily annealed sheets, which is beneficial to the abnormal growth of Goss grains during the final annealing process.

Keywords

magnetostriction / iron-gallium alloys / columnar grain / ductility / abnormal grain growth

References

[1] Clark A.E., Restorff J.B., Wun-Fogle M., Lograsso T.A., Schlagel D.L. Magnetostrictive properties of body-centered cubic Fe–Ga and Fe–Ga–Al alloys. IEEE Trans. Magn., 2000, 36(5): 3238.

[2] Clark A.E., Hathaway K.B., Wun-Fogle M., Restorff J.B., Lograsso T.A., Keppens V.M., Petculescu G., Taylor R.A. Extraordinary magnetoelasticity and lattice softening in bcc Fe–Ga alloys. J. Appl. Phys., 2003, 93(10): 8621.

[3] Kellogg R.A., Russell A.M., Lograsso T.A., Flatau A.B., Clark A.E., Wun-Fogle M. Tensile properties of magnetostrictive iron-gallium alloys. Acta Mater., 2004, 52(14): 5043.

[4] B. Yoo, S.M. Na, A.B. Flatau, and D.J. Pines, Ultrasonic guided wave sensing performance of a magnetostrictive transducer using Galfenol flakes-polymer composite patches, J. Appl. Phys., 117(2015), No. 17, art. No. 17A916.

[5] M.L. Huang, T.A. Lograsso, A.E. Clark, J.B. Restorff, and M. Wun-Fogle, Effect of interstitial additions on magnetostriction in Fe–Ga alloys, J. Appl. Phys., 103(2008), No. 7, art. No. 07B314.

[6] Liao L.L., Fang M.L., Zhu J., Li J.H., Wang J. Influence of Al on the magnetostriction of Fe–Ga polycrystal alloys under compressive stress. Inter. J. Miner. Metal. Mater., 2014, 21(1): 52.

[7] A.E. Clark, J.B. Restorff, M. Wun-Fogle, K.B. Hathaway, T.A. Lograsso, M. Huang, and E. Summers, Magnetostriction of ternary Fe–Ga–X (X = C, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Rh) alloys, J. Appl. Phys.,101(2007), No. 9, art. No. 09C507.

[8] Li J.H., Gao X.X., Zhu J., Bao X.Q., Xia T., Zhang M.C. Ductility, texture and large magnetostriction of Fe–Ga-based sheets. Scripta Mater., 2010, 63(2): 246.

[9] S.M. Na and A.B. Flatau, Deformation behavior and magnetostriction of polycrystalline Fe–Ga–X (X = B, C, Mn, Mo, Nb, NbC) alloys, J. Appl. Phys., 103(2008), art. No. 07D304.

[10] Srisukhumbowornchai N., Guruswamy S. Crystallographic textures in rolled and annealed Fe–Ga and FeAl alloys. Metall. Mater. Trans. A., 2004, 35(9): 2963.

[11] Na S.M., Yoo J.H., Flatau A.B. Abnormal (110) grain growth and magnetostriction in recrystallized Galfenol with dispersed niobium carbide. IEEE T. Magn., 2009, 45(10): 4132.

[12] Na S.M., Flatau A.B. Single grain growth and large magnetostriction in secondarily recrystallized Fe–Ga thin sheet with sharp Goss (011)[100] orientation. Scripta Mater., 2012, 66(5): 307.

[13] Hirano T. Improvement of room temperature ductility of stoichiometric Ni₃Al by unidirectional solidification. Acta Metall. Mater., 1990, 38(12): 2667.

[14] Mo Y.K., Zhang Z.H., Xie J.X., Fu H.D., Pan H.J. Improved cold rolling workability of warm rolled Fe–6.5wt%Si electrical steel with columnar grains by annealing. Inter. J. Miner. Metal. Mater., 2015, 22(11): 1171.

[15] Yuan C., Li J.H., Zhang W.L., Bao X.Q., Gao X.X. Sharp Goss orientation and large magnetostriction in the rolled columnar-grained Fe–Ga alloys. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2015, 374, 459.

[16] Yuan C., Li J.H., Zhang W.L., Bao X.Q., Gao X.X. Secondary recrystallization behavior in the rolled columnar-grained Fe–Ga alloys. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2015, 391, 145.

[17] Li J.H., Gao X.X., Xiao X.M., Bao X.Q., Zhang M.C. Magnetostriction of <100> oriented Fe–Ga rods with large diameter. Rare Met., 2015, 34(7): 472.

[18] Yuan C., Li J.H., Zhang W.L., Bao X.Q., Gao X.X. Microstructure and magnetostrictive performance of NbC-doped <100> oriented Fe–Ga alloys. Inter. J. Miner. Metal. Mater., 2015, 22(1): 52.

[19] Chopra H.D., Wuttig M. Non-Joulian magnetostriction. Nature, 2015, 521(7552): 340.

[20] Gladman T. On the theory of the effect of precipitate particles on grain growth in metals. Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 1966, 294(1438): 298.

[21] Feng Y.L., Li Y., Guo J., Li J., Du T.T. Effect of slab reheating temperature on recrystallization microstructure, texture and magnetic properties of Nb-containing grain-oriented silicon steel. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2017, 439, 135.

[22] Matsuo M. Texture control in the production of grain oriented silicon steels. ISIJ Int., 1989, 29(10): 809.

[23] Zhang N., Yang P., Mao W.M. Influence of columnar grains on the recrystallization texture evolution in Fe–3%Si electrical steel. Acta Metall. Sin., 2012, 48(3): 307.