Preparation of in situ and ex situ reinforced Fe-10Cr-1Cu-1Ni-1Mo-2C containing NbC particles by milling and hot pressing

Abstract

An in situ and ex situ reinforced powder metallurgy (PM) steel was prepared by the combination of high-energy ball milling and subsequent hot pressing of elemental mixed powders of Fe-10Cr-1Cu-1Ni-1Mo-2C by mass with the addition of NbC particles. A 40-h milling pretreatment makes the powder particles nearly equiaxed with an average diameter of ∼8 μm, and the ferrite grain size is refined to ∼6 nm. The sintered density reaches 99.0%–99.7% of the theoretical value when the sintering is conducted at temperatures greater than 1000°C for 30 min. In the sintered bulk specimens, the formation of an in situ M₇C₃ (M = Cr, Fe, Mo) phase is confirmed. M₇C₃ carbides with several hundred nanometers in size are uniformly distributed in the matrix. Some ultra-fine second phases of 50–200 nm form around the ex situ NbC and in situ M₇C₃ particles. The sintered steel exhibits an excellent combination of hardness (> Hv 500) and compressive strength (2100–2420 MPa).

Keywords

steel / powder metallurgy / reinforcement / ball milling / hot pressing

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