Dynamic recrystallization and precipitation in high manganese austenitic stainless steel during hot compression

Abstract

Dynamic recrystallization and precipitation in a high manganese austenitic stainless steel were investigated by hot compression tests over temperatures of 950–1150°C at strain rates of 0.001 s⁻¹-1 s⁻¹. All the flow curves within the studied deformation regimes were typical of dynamic recrystallization. A window was constructed to determine the value of apparent activation energy as a function of strain rate and deformation temperature. The kinetics of dynamic recrystallization was analyzed using the Avrami kinetics equation. A range of apparent activation energy for hot deformation from 303 kJ/mol to 477 kJ/mol is obtained at different deformation regimes. Microscopic characterization confirms that under a certain deformation condition (medium Zener-Hollomon parameter (Z) values), dynamic recrystallization appears at first, but large particles can not inhibit the recrystallization. At low or high Z values, dynamic recrystallization may occur before dynamic precipitation and proceeds faster. In both cases, secondary phase precipitation is observed along prior austenite grain boundaries. Stress relaxation tests at the same deformation temperatures also confirm the possibility of dynamic precipitation. Unexpectedly, the Avrami’s exponent value increases with the increase of Z value. It is associated with the priority of dynamic recrystallization to dynamic precipitation at higher Z values.

Keywords

austenitic stainless steel / hot deformation / dynamic recrystallization / precipitation / activation energy

References

[1] Belyakov A, Miura H, Sakai T. Dynamic recrystallization in ultra fine-grained 304 stainless steel. Scripta Mater., 2000, 43, 21.

[2] Momeni A, Abbasi SM, Shokuhfar A. Dynamic and metadynamic recrystallization of a martensitic precipitation hardenable stainless steel. Can. Metall. Q., 2007, 46, 189.

[3] Mataya MC, Nilsson ER, Brown EL, Krauss G. Hot working and recrystallization of as-cast 316L. Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2003, 34(8): 1683.

[4] Ebrahimi GR, Keshmiri H, Momeni A, Mazinani M. Dynamic recrystallization behavior of a superaustenitic stainless steel containing 16%Cr and 25%Ni. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, 528, 7488.

[5] Lin YC, Chen MS, Zhong J. Study of static recrystallization kinetics in a low alloy steel. Comput. Mater. Sci., 2008, 44, 316.

[6] Humphreys FJ, Hatherly M. Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena, 1996 1st Ed. Oxford, Pergamon Press

[7] Momeni A, Dehghani K. Prediction of dynamic recrystallization kinetics and grain size for 410 martensitic stainless steel during hot deformation. Met. Mater. Int., 2010, 16, 843.

[8] Huang J, Xu Z. Evolution mechanism of grain refinement based on dynamic recrystallization in multiaxially forged austenite. Mater. Lett., 2006, 60, 1854.

[9] Arribas M, López B, Rodriguez-Ibabe JM. Additional grain refinement in recrystallization controlled rolling of Ti-microalloyed steels processed by near-net-shape casting technology. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2008, 485, 383.

[10] Momeni A, Arabi H, Rezaei A, Badri H, Abbasi SM. Hot deformation behavior of austenite in HSLA-100 microalloyed steel. Mater Sci. Eng. A, 2011, 528, 2158.

[11] Xu YB, Yu YM, Xiao BL, Liu ZY, Wang GD. Modelling of microstructure evolution during hot rolling of a high-Nb HSLA steel. J. Mater. Sci., 2010, 45, 2580.

[12] Mirzaee M, Keshmiri H, Ebrahimi GR, Momeni A. Dynamic recrystallization and precipitation in low carbon low alloy steel 26NiCrMoV 14–5. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2012, 551, 25.

[13] Vervynckt S, Verbeken K, Thibaux P, Houbaert Y. Recrystallization-precipitation interaction during austenite hot deformation of a Nb microalloyed steel. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, 528, 5519.

[14] Abad R, Fernandez AI, Lopez B, Rodriguez-Ibabe JM. Interaction between recrystallization and precipitation during multipass rolling in a low carbon niobium microalloyed steel. ISIJ Int., 2001, 41, 1373.

[15] Jonas JJ. Dunne DP, Chandra T. Mechanical testing for the study of austenite recrystallization and carbonitride precipitation. Proceedings of the International Conference of HSLA steels, 1984, Wollongong, Australia, University of Wollongong, 80

[16] Elsener B, Addari D, Coray S, Rossi A. Nickel-free manganese bearing stainless steel in alkaline media: electro chemistry and surface chemistry. Electrochim. Acta, 2011, 56, 4489.

[17] Momeni A, Dehghani K. Microstructural evolution and flow analysis during hot working of a Fe-Ni-Cr superaustenitic stainless steel. Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2011, 42, 1925.

[18] Zeng ZY, Chen LQ, Zhu FX, Liu XH. Dynamic recrystallization behavior of a heat-resistant martensitic stainless steel 403Nb during hot deformation. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2011, 27, 913.

[19] Ma XP, Wang LJ, Subramanian SV, Liu CM. Studies on Nb microalloying of 13Cr super martensitic stainless steel. Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2012, 43, 4475.

[20] Liu WJ, Jonas JJ. A stress relaxation method for following carbonitride precipitation in austenite at hot working temperatures. Metall. Trans. A, 1988, 19, 1403.

[21] Deng J, Lin YC, Li SS, Chen J, Ding Y. Hot tensile deformation and fracture behaviors of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Mater. Des., 2013, 49, 209.

[22] Huang YC, Lin YC, Deng J, Liu G, Chen MS. Hot tensile deformation behaviors and constitutive model of 42CrMo steel. Mater. Des., 2014, 53, 349.

[23] Momeni A, Dehghani K. Hot working behavior of 2205 austenite-ferrite duplex stainless steel characterized by constitutive equations and processing maps. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, 528, 1448.

[24] Jonas JJ. Static and dynamic recrystallization under hot working conditions. International Conference on Physical Metallurgy of Thermomechanical Processing of Steels and Other Metals, 1988 59

[25] Momeni A, Dehghani K, Keshmiri H, Ebrahimi GR. Hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of a superaustenitic stainless steel. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2010, 527, 1605.

[26] Weiss I, Jonas JJ. Interaction between recrystallization and precipitation during the high temperature deformation of HSLA steels. Metall. Trans. A, 1979, 10, 831.

[27] Dehghan-manshadi A, Barnett MR, Hodgson PD. Hot deformation and recrystallization of austenitic stainless steel: Part I. Dynamic recrystallization. Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2008, 39, 1359.

[28] Momeni A, Dehghani K, Ebrahimi GR, Keshmiri H. Modeling the flow curve characteristics of 410 martensitic stainless steel under hot working condition. Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2010, 41, 2898.