Spatial response and prediction model for blasting-induced vibration in a deep double-line tunnel

Abstract

Excessive blasting-induced vibration during drilling-and-blasting excavation of deep tunnels can trigger geological hazards and compromise the stability of both the rock mass and support structures. This study focused on the deep double-line Sejila Mountain tunnel to systematically analyze the spatial response of blasting-induced vibration and to develop a prediction model through field tests and numerical simulations. The results revealed that the presence of a cross passage significantly altered propagation paths and the spatial distribution of blasting-induced vibration velocity. The peak particle velocity (PPV) at the cross-passage corner was amplified by approximately 1.92 times due to wave reflection and geometric focusing. Blasting-induced vibration waves attenuated non-uniformly across the tunnel cross-section, where PPV on the blast-face side was 1.54-6.56 times higher than that on the opposite side. We propose an improved PPV attenuation model that accounts for the propagation path effect. This model significantly improved fitting accuracy and resolved anomalous parameter (k and α) estimates in traditional equations, thereby improving prediction reliability. Furthermore, based on the observed spatial distribution of blasting-induced vibration, optimal monitoring point placement and targeted vibration control measures for tunnel blasting were discussed. These findings provide a scientific basis for designing blasting schemes and vibration mitigation strategies in deep tunnels.

Keywords

Blasting-induced vibration / Spatial response / Attenuation law / Prediction model / Double-line tunnel

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Chong Yu: Writing - original draft, Methodology, Investigation, Conceptualization. Yongan Ma: Writing - review & editing, Valida-tion, Formal analysis. Haibo Li: Supervision, Funding acquisition. Changjian Wang: Validation, Data curation. Haibin Wang: Resources, Funding acquisition. Linghao Meng: Visualization.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing finan-cial interests or personal relations hips that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgments

The research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42577209 and U22A20239), the Key R&D Program of Hunan Province (No. 2024WK2004) and the Key Technologies for Accurate Diagnosis and Intelligent Prevention and Control of Slope Hazards in Open pit Mines, 181 Major R&D projects of Metallurgical Corporation of China Ltd.

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