Shear mechanical properties of loaded rock under drilling and dynamic load and its influence on the plastic zone of roadway

Abstract

Borehole pressure relief helps prevent rock bursts. However, this may change the physical and mechanical properties of the surrounding rock, affect the variation of the plastic zone of the roadway, and lead to the failure of roadway support, thus threatening the safety of the roadway. In this paper, the variable angle shear test of drilled specimens under the action of static and dynamic loads is used to study the evolution of mechanical parameters of the specimens and their influence on the plastic zone of the surrounding rock. The shear strength decreases linearly with the increase of drilling diameter. With the increase of pre-static load level and dynamic load amplitude, the cohesion first increases and then decreases, and the internal friction angle decreases. Moreover, the shear failure surface changes from rough to smooth. The reasons include that the static load enhances the tooth cutting effect and the repeated friction of cracks caused by the dynamic load. Borehole pressure relief leads to an increase in the radius of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock following a quadratic function. The research results of this paper provide a theoretical basis for designing drilling unloading parameters and supporting parameters for rock burst roadways.

Keywords

Borehole pressure relief / Dynamic and static combined loading / Shear mechanical properties / Failure characteristics / Plastic zone of roadway

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52374100, 52525401, and 52304150), Outstanding Young Talent Project of Shanxi Province (No. SJYC2024301), Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (No. 2023-041).

References

[1] Cai MF, He MC, Liu DY. Rock Mechanics and Engineering. Beijing: Science press; 2002.

[2] Qi QX, Li JL, Ning Y, Ouyang ZH, Zhao SK, Wei LK.The technology and practice of rockburst prevention in Chinese deep coal mines. In:Proceedings of the 49th US Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. San Francisco: American Rock Mechanics Association; 2015.p.2-4.

[3] Ouyang ZH, Qi QX, Zhao SK, Wu BY, Zhang NB. The mechanism and application of deep-hole precracking blasting on rockburst prevention. Shock Vib 2015; 2015(1):625691.

[4] Cai W, Bai XX, Si GY, Cao WZ, Gong SY, Dou LM.A monitoring investigation into rock burst mechanism based on the coupled theory of static and dynamic stresses. Rock Mech Rock Eng 2020; 53(12):5451-71.

[5] Zhang ZM. Bored of pressure relief mechanism and a reasonable argument. Master’s dissertation. Qingdao: Shandong University of Science and Technology; 2012.p.43.

[6] Gong FQ, He ZC, Si XF. Experimental study on revealing the mechanism of rockburst prevention by drilling pressure relief: Status-of-the-art and prospects. Geomat Nat Hazards Risk 2022; 13(1):2442-70.

[7] He ZC, Gong FQ, Luo S. Evaluation of the rockburst proneness of red sandstone with prefabricated boreholes: An experimental study from the energy storage perspective. Geomat Nat Hazards Risk 2021; 12(1):2117-54.

[8] Lu J, Yin GZ, Zhang DM, Li X, Huang G, Gao H. Mechanical properties and failure mode of sandstone specimen with a prefabricated borehole under true triaxial stress condition. Geomech Energy Environ 2021; 25:100207.

[9] Huang B, Guo WY, Fu ZY, Zhao TB, Zhang LS. Experimental investigation of the influence of drilling arrangements on the mechanical behavior of rock models. Geotech Geol Eng 2018; 36(4):2425-36.

[10] Li W, Zhang ZZ, Teng YQ, Wang H, Man C, Ren MH, Shang XJ, Dou LM, Gao F. Deformation, fracture, and energy evolution characteristics of coal-rock under dynamic-static combined loading. Energy Sci Eng 2024; 12(8):3401-21.

[11] Li XB, Gong FQ, Tao M, Dong LJ, Du K, Ma CD, Zhou ZL, Yin TB. Failure mechanism and coupled static-dynamic loading theory in deep hard rock mining: A review. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 2017; 9(4):767-82.

[12] Si XF, Li XB, Gong FQ, Huang LQ, Ma CD. Experimental investigation on rockburst process and characteristics of a circular opening in layered rock under three-dimensional stress conditions. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 2022; 127:104603.

[13] Luo S, Gong FQ. Linear energy storage and dissipation laws during rock fracture under three-point flexural loading. Eng Fract Mech 2020; 234:107102.

[14] Jing SL, Wen ZJ, Jiang YJ, Wen JH, Du WJ. Mechanical behaviors and failure characteristics of coal-rock combination under quasi-static and dynamic disturbance loading: A case based on a new equipment. Geomech Geophys Geo Energy Geo Resour 2024; 10(1):2.

[15] Ma K, Wang HY, Liao ZY, Peng YL, Wang KK. Precursor of microseismic energy and stress evolution induced by rockburst in coal mining: A case study from Xiashijie, Shannxi, China. Geomech Geophys Geo Energy Geo Resour 2022; 8 (5):134.

[16] Ma K, Feng B, Zhuang DY, Guo XF, Gao Q. Distance effects of the fault on the surrounding rock mass stability of the main powerhouse at the Huanggou pumped-storage power station. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 2020; 106:103568.

[17] Xu Y, Dai F, Du HB. Experimental and numerical studies on compression-shear behaviors of brittle rocks subjected to combined static-dynamic loading. Int J Mech Sci 2020; 175:105520.

[18] Liu HG, He YN, Xu JH, Han LJ. Numerical simulation and industrial test of boreholes destressing technology in deep coal tunnel. J China Coal Soc 2007; 32 (1):33-7. in Chinese.

[19] Guo XF, Li C, Huo TH. Shapes and formation mechanism of the plastic zone surrounding circular roadway under partial confining stress in deep mining. Geomech Eng 2021; 25(1):509-20.

[20] Cui JF, Wang WJ, Yuan C. Application of stability analysis in surrounding rock control and support model of deep roadway. Int J Oil Gas Coal Technol 2022; 29 (2):180.

[21] Li J, Wu Z, Zhang WL, Ma NJ, Guo SY. Study on shape characteristics of plastic zone in heterogeneous roadway-surrounding rock. Sustainability 2022; 14 (15):9480.

[22] Guo XF, Zhao ZQ, Gao X, Wu XY, Ma NJ. Analytical solutions for characteristic radii of circular roadway surrounding rock plastic zone and their application. Int J Min Sci Technol 2019; 29(2):263-72.

[23] Wu XG, Wang MY, Lu H, Zhang YJ, Nie W. Modified Sadowski formula-based model for the slope shape amplification effect under multistage slope blasting vibration. Int J Min Sci Technol 2024; 34(5):631-41.

[24] Liang ZC, Wang D, Li GH, Sun GY, Yu MY, Xia D, Ding CJ.Three-dimensional stability calculation method for high and large composite slopes formed by mining stope and inner dump in adjacent open pits. Int J Min Sci Technol 2024; 34(4):507-20.

[25] Zhang SC, Li YY, Shen BT, Sun XZ, Gao LQ. Effective evaluation of pressure relief drilling for reducing rock bursts and its application in underground coal mines. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 2019; 114:7-16.

[26] Yuan HH. Study on the effect of destressing boreholes on mechanical properties and failure characteristics of the coal and rock. Master’s dissertation. Taiyuan: Taiyuan University of Technology 2023.p.15. in Chinese.

[27] Du K, Li XF, Wang SY, Tao M, Li G, Wang SF. Compression-shear failure properties and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of rocks in variable angle shear and direct shear tests. Measurement 2021; 183:109814.

[28] Ning JG, Yang S, Li XH, Wang J, Shi XS, Zhang ZH. Mitigating rock burst hazard in deep coal mines by hydraulic slotting technology: A case study. Min Metall Explor 2023; 40(5):1937-54.

[29] Xia M, Gong FQ. Effects of loading waveforms on rock damage using particle simulation method. J Cent South Univ 2018; 25(7):1755-65.

[30] Liu DQ, Zhang ZQ, Yang JS, Sun QF, Liu ZX, Sun J. Effect of borehole pressure relief on rockburst: Insights from borehole cooperative deformation mechanism. Rock Mech Rock Eng 2025; 58(2):2295-317.

[31] Chen JH, Li H, Zhao SK, Zhao HB, Zhang C, Zhang JW, Li DQ. Analysis on the shear stress propagation mechanism in the rock reinforcement system. Front Earth Sci 2022; 10:938808.

[32] Xu B, Liu XR, Zhou XH, Huang JH, Wang LF, Lin GY, Wang JW, Zhang JL.Investigations on the macro-meso cumulative damage mechanism of the discontinuities in soft-hard interbedded rock mass under pre-peak cyclic shear loading. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 2022; 158:105184.

[33] Kastner H. Static des Tunnel-und Stollenbaues. Shanghai: Shanghai Science Press; 1980.

[34] Liu HT, Han ZJ, Han Z, Guo XF, Huo TH, Wei SJ, Luo ZL, Ma JQ. Study on the evolution law and the orientation criterion of a plastic zone in rock surrounding a circular roadway in a three-dimensional non-isobaric stress field. Appl Sci 2022; 12(6):2947.

[35] He ZC, Gong FQ, Wu WX, Wang WH. Experimental investigation of the mechanical behaviors and energy evolution characteristics of red sandstone specimens with holes under uniaxial compression. Bull Eng Geol Environ 2021; 80(7):5845-65.

[36] Li XB, Zhou ZL, Lok TS, Hong L, Yin TB. Innovative testing technique of rock subjected to coupled static and dynamic loads. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 2008; 45(5):739-48.