Dynamic damage characteristics and control mechanism of rocks anchored by constant resistance and energy absorption material

Abstract

With resource exploitation and engineering construction gradually going deeper, the surrounding rock dynamic disaster becomes frequent and violent. The anchorage support is a common control method of surrounding rock in underground engineering. To study the dynamic damage characteristics of anchored rock and the energy absorption control mechanism of dynamic disasters, a new type of constant resistance and energy absorption (CREA) material with high strength, high elongation and high energy absorption characteristics is developed. A contrast test of rockbursts in anchored rock with different support materials is conducted. The test results show that the surface damage rates and energy release degree of anchored rock with common bolt (CB) and CREA are lower than those of unanchored rock, respectively. The total energy, average energy and maximum energy released by CREA anchored rock are 30.9%, 94.3% and 84.4% lower than those of CB anchored rock. Compared with unanchored rock, the rockburst peak stress in the CREA anchored rock is increased by 39.9%, and the rockburst time is delayed by 53.2%. Based on the rockburst energy calculation model, the evolution law of rockburst peak stress and energy release is investigated. The control mechanism of CREA support units on rock dynamic failure is clarified.

Keywords

Constant resistance and energy absorption / Anchored rock / Rockburst / Peak stress / Control mechanism

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2023YFC2907600); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42477166 and 42277174); the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (No. 2024JCCXSB01); the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology (No. KFJJ24-01M); and the Open Foundation of Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Development and Ecological Restoration of Mineral Resources (No. HLCX-2024-04).

References

[1] Wang Q, Jiang B, Xu S, He MC, Jiang ZH, Li SC, Wei HY, Xiao YC. Roof-cutting and energy-absorbing method for dynamic disaster control in deep coal mine. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 2022; 158:105186.

[2] Afraei S, Shahriar K, Madani SH. Statistical assessment of rock burst potential and contributions of considered predictor variables in the task. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 2018; 72:250-71.

[3] Akdag S, Karakus M, Taheri A, Nguyen G, He MC. Effects of thermal damage on strain burst mechanism for brittle rocks under true-triaxial loading conditions. Rock Mech Rock Eng 2018; 51(6):1657-82.

[4] Jiang B, Ma FL, Wang Q, Gao HK, Zhai DH, Deng YS, Xu CJ, Yao LD. Drillingbased measuring method for the c-u parameter of rock and its field application. Int J Min Sci Technol 2024; 34(1):65-76.

[5] Gong FQ, Si XF, Li XB, Wang SY. Experimental investigation of strain rockburst in circular caverns under deep three-dimensional high-stress conditions. Rock Mech Rock Eng 2019; 52:1459-74.

[6] Kusui A, Villaescusa E, Takahiro F, Funatsu T. Mechanical behaviour of scaleddown unsupported tunnel walls in hard rock under high stress. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 2016; 60:30-40.

[7] Su GS, Jiang JQ, Feng XT, Jiang Q, Chen ZY, Mo JH. Influence of loading rate on strainburst: An experimental study. Bull Eng Geol Environ 2019; 78(5):3559-73.

[8] Li JY, Liu DQ, He MC, Guo YP. True triaxial experimental study on the variation characteristics of rockburst with the number of fast unloading surfaces. Rock Mech Rock Eng 2023; 56(8):5585-606.

[9] Wang Y, Ling K, Yang YY, Zhang ZQ, Xing SQ, He MC, Liu DQ. Experimental study on rockburst of surrounding rock in an elliptical tunnel with different axial ratios. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 2023; 140:105329.

[10] Jiang B, Wang MZ, Wang Q, Xin ZX, Xing XY, Deng YS, Yao LD. Bearing mechanism of roof and rib support structure in automatically formed roadway and its support design method. J Cent South Univ 2024; 31(7):2467-87.

[11] Kumar R, Mandal PK, Narayan A, Das AJ. Evaluation of load transfer mechanism under axial loads in a novel coupler of dual height rock bolts. Int J Min Sci Technol 2021; 31(2):225-32.

[12] Wang Q, Xin ZX, Jiang B, Wang MZ, He MC, Wei HY. Mechanical properties of rocks anchored by constant resistance energy-absorbing material. J Cent South Univ 2023; 30(10):3361-73.

[13] Wang Q, Jiang B, Jiang ZH. Theory and Method of Automatically Formed Roadway in Underground Mining. Singapore: Springer; 2024.

[14] Li CL. A new energy-absorbing bolt for rock support in high stress rock masses. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 2010; 47(3):396-404.

[15] St-Pierre L, Hassani FP, Radziszewski PH, Ouellet J. Development of a dynamic model for a cone bolt. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 2009; 46(1):107-14.

[16] Cai M. Rock support in strainburst-prone ground. Int J Min Sci Technol 2019; 29(4):529-34.

[17] Zhao XD, Zhu QK, Niu JA, Yang XM, Zhang SJ, Chen YM. Mechanical mechanism analyses and dynamic impact experimental tests of a kind of novel J energyreleasing bolts. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 2020; 39(1):13-21 [in Chinese].

[18] Ghorbani M, Shahriar K, Sharifzadeh M, Masoudi R. A critical review on the developments of rock support systems in high stress ground conditions. Int J Min Sci Technol 2020; 30(5):555-72.

[19] Sharifzadeh M, Lou JF, Crompton B. Dynamic performance of energy-absorbing rockbolts based on laboratory test results. Part I: Evolution, deformation mechanisms, dynamic performance and classification. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 2020; 105:103510.

[20] Knox G, Hadjigeorgiou J. Influence of testing configuration on the performance of paddled energy-absorbing rockbolts under impact loading. Rock Mech Rock Eng 2022; 55(9):5705-21.

[21] Wang Q, Xu S, Jiang B, Zhang C, Sun Z, Liu JX, Jiao CL. Development of multifunctional anchorage support dynamic-static coupling performance test system and its application. Int J Min Sci Technol 2024; 34(3):339-49.

[22] Carpinteri A, Lacidogna G, Manuello A. The b-value analysis for the stability investigation of the ancient Athena temple in Syracuse. Strain 2011; 47: e243-53.

[23] He MC, Xia HM, Jia XN, Gong WL, Zhao F, Liang KY. Studies on classification, criteria and control of rockbursts. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 2012; 4(2):97-114.