Revolutionizing regenerative rehabilitation: 3D printing for musculoskeletal regeneration

Abstract

Musculoskeletal disorders, such as bone fractures, osteoarthritis, meniscus injuries, muscle diseases, and tendon injuries, are common disorders among individuals in need of rehabilitation. Trauma, sports-related injuries, and degeneration mainly cause these disorders. Regenerative rehabilitation medicine aims to enhance the regenerative capacity of musculoskeletal tissues and optimize functional recovery through the combination of regenerative medicine and rehabilitation medicine treatments. However, these treatments are insufficient for the complete restoration of damaged tissue structures. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, referred to as the additive manufacturing (AM) technique, can accelerate the rehabilitation process for musculoskeletal diseases, especially for developing regenerative rehabilitation and engineering rehabilitation. Recently, an increasing number of studies reported on the basic and clinical applications of 3D printing in assisting with the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, this review summarizes how 3D printing technologies are changing treatment and assessment methods, as well as improving therapeutic outcomes in regenerative rehabilitation for musculoskeletal diseases. Finally, this review discusses the current status of the clinical translation for 3D printing.

Keywords

3D printing / Regenerative rehabilitation / Musculoskeletal disorder / Medical devices / Tissue engineering

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82302884), the Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province (2022JDKP0015), the Sichuan University Education Foundation (23JZH002), and the Sichuan University Postdoctoral Interdisciplinary Innovation Fund (JCXK2215).

Conflict of interest

Ma-Ling Gou is an Editorial Board Member of this journal but was not in any way involved in the editorial and peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly or indirectly. Separately, other authors declared that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.

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