Hydroxyapatite/BMP-2-mineralized decellularized amniotic membrane scaffolds for orbital defect repair

Abstract

Orbital wall fractures often result in midfacial deformities characterized by herniation of orbital adipose and soft tissues into the maxillary sinus, potentially causing endophthalmitis or subbulbar inflammation. However, current orbital reconstruction materials face critical limitations, including inadequate osteogenic capacity and poor osseointegration, predisposing implants to displacement, immune rejection, and infection. To overcome these challenges, we fabricated a three-dimensional (3D)-printed scaffold based on hydroxyapatite/bone morphogenetic protein-2–mineralized decellularized amniotic membrane for orbital defect repair. By precisely modulating the material composition and leveraging advanced 3D printing techniques, we achieved simultaneous control over the scaffold’s physicochemical properties and biological activity. The resulting constructs feature optimized macro- and micro-architectures. This study establishes a novel strategy for orbital reconstruction, addressing both bone volume restoration and functional regeneration, offering a transformative approach for personalized craniofacial repair.

Keywords

3D printing / Acellular matrix / BMP-2 / Composite scaffolds / Orbital reconstruction

Funding

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32201109), the New Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Public Health of Suqian First Hospital (SY202205), and the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (2021A1515110557).

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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