3D-printed hydrogels for treating diabetic wounds: Recent developments

Abstract

Diabetic wound healing disorder is one of the common complications in diabetic patients, characterized by chronic inflammation, impaired angiogenesis, abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and markedly elevated oxidative stress. Although traditional treatment models have achieved some success, they still face challenges such as prolonged wound healing duration, increased risk of infection, and continuous formation of scar tissue, particularly in gastrointestinal surgical incisions, breast surgery incisions, orthopedic surgical incisions, and neurosurgical incisions. In recent years, the integration of biomaterials and advanced manufacturing technologies has brought new opportunities for diabetic wound healing. Hydrogels have gained increasing attention due to their excellent biocompatibility, degradability, and significant wound healing ability. As an emerging advanced manufacturing method, 3D printing technology could accurately fabricate hydrogels according to the shape and size of the wound, providing an ideal microenvironment for wound healing. This work systematically reviewed the latest research on 3D-printed hydrogels in diabetic wound healing in the past 5 years. It also thoroughly discussed the preparation methods, including physical, chemical, and biological cross-linking methods, and the specific mechanisms of promoting wound healing, such as regulating inflammatory response, promoting angiogenesis, and guiding the normal remodeling of ECM. This review aimed to provide a solid theoretical and experimental basis for the continued development and eventual clinical application of 3D-printed hydrogels for diabetic wounds.  

Keywords

3D-printed hydrogel / Diabetic wound / Mechanism / Preparation method / Surgical incision

Funding

This work was supported by the Research Fund for Academician Lin He New Medicine.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare they have no competing interests.

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