Images of Chinese women in Hollywood movies are the embodiment of Western cultural imagination of the East since the representation is a complex, meaningful, and concrete symbol signifying communication between different cultures. In the Hollywood imagination, the Chinese female is the Other who not only stands for exotic female images but also Chinese culture. The purpose of this paper is to address the following questions: How do Chinese women tend to be portrayed in Hollywood movies? Which characters do these Chinese actresses play? What is the aesthetic difference between East and West, and what is the connection between Chinese culture’s self-recognition and the Western representation of Chinese culture? By conducting visual and textual analysis, I will undertake a comparative examination of the depictions of Chinese women in four movies: Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000), Rush Hour 2 (2001), X-men: Days of Future Past (2012), and I Am Not Madame Bovary (2016), spanning the years 2000-2020 (two from America and two from China). This investigation will specifically center on the portrayal of two Chinese actresses, namely Ziyi Zhang and Bingbing Fan, both of whom have attained prominence within the realms of both Chinese and American cinema.

People have negative impressions of those who respond in an unfriendly manner, while those who are amiable garner positive impressions. In this study, a unique Japanese interpersonal posture of amiability was considered as a type of communication style, and an original “ Aisounoyosa scale” (amiability scale) was developed. The relationships between amiable communication style and an individual’s mental processes, including compassion, narcissism, regulatory focus and shyness were examined. Among the amiability measures, “positive verbal and non-verbal behavior” was shown to be influenced by three internal processes: compassion, passive shyness and the benefit approach, while “consideration and kindness to others” and “interest and approach to others” were influenced by compassion and passive shyness. The results of this study suggest that the internal process of compassion is deeply related to and influences amiable communication style.

This study examined the relationships amongst intercultural communication apprehension, language competence, intercultural sensitivity, and global awareness of American, Chinese, and Japanese university students. A total of 584 students (198 from Japan, 188 from China, and 198 from America) responded to an online questionnaire. Results indicated that Japanese students had the highest intercultural communication apprehension, followed by Chinese and American. American students had significantly higher intercultural sensitivity and global awareness compared to Japanese and Chinese. The effect of culture on intercultural communication apprehension was mediated by language competence and intercultural sensitivity. Furthermore, for Japanese and Chinese, language competence mediated the relationship between intercultural sensitivity and intercultural communication apprehension, as well as the relationship between global awareness and intercultural communication apprehension. We discussed the results implicating the need for Japanese and Chinese students to become more apt at dealing with their rapidly internationalizing societies.

The present study examined the adaptive personality, communication patterns and the adaptation experience of Korean expatriates in Indonesia. Based on Y. Y. Kim’s (1988, 2001, 2005, 2012, 2015, 2018) Integrative Communication Theory of Cross-Cultural Adaptation, four hypotheses were developed linking three key factors: adaptive personality, host communication competence, host interpersonal communication and psychological health. Numeric data were collected in a questionnaire survey among 76 Korean expatriates living in Indonesia. As predicted, the positive correlations between the research variables suggest that expatriates with higher level of self-efficacy, host communication competence and more active engagements in interpersonal communication with host nationals experience greater psychological health vis-à-vis the host environment. The present study affirms Y. Y. Kim’s theorems that emphasize the centrality of communication in the process of expatriate workers’ cross-cultural adaptation. The present analysis highlights the practical insights on how to recruit, select and train international employees to facilitate their successful adaptation overseas.