Innovations in IN939: From Cast Alloy to Additive Manufacturing

Abstract

Nickel-based superalloys are the most reliable material choice for the hot sections of turbines. These superalloys are mainly employed in aircraft engines, particularly in the combustor and turbine sections. In this scenario, the growing need for materials that can endure high temperatures while retaining their strength has driven the development of IN939. Although IN939 holds these significant important properties and applications, it has received less attention in recent literature than other superalloys. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the main research on IN939 over the past 50 years. From 1970 to 1980, research primarily focused on the development of IN939 through casting methods. Between 1980 and 1990, the emphasis shifted to studying its oxidation resistance and microstructural stability during service. The period from 1990 to 2000 focused on repairing components after long service time at high temperatures. In recent decades, advances in additive manufacturing techniques have led to growing interest in developing IN939 using methods like laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Research in the area has demonstrated that the LPBF technique offers a promising approach to manufacturing high-performance IN939 components.

Keywords

Inconel 939 / Laser powder bed fusion / Additive manufacturing / High-temperature materials

Author Contributions

Ethics Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

Not applicable.

Funding

This research was funded by the Young Individual Research Grant (Grant reference No.: M22K3c0096) and 4D Additive Manufacturing (4DAM) of Smart Structures (Grant reference No.: M24N3b0028) from the Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore. Acknowledges financial support by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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