Beyond glycolysis: multifunctional roles of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases in plants

Abstract

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a highly conserved enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, also acts as a moonlighting protein, performing various functions beyond its classical role in glycolysis, such as regulating gene expression, participating in cell signal transduction, and responding to environmental stress. By interacting with various signaling molecules, GAPDH plays a regulatory role in hormone signaling pathways, influencing plant growth and development. Functional plasticity in GAPDH is modulated mainly through redox-driven post-translational modifications, which alter the enzyme’s catalytic activity and influence its subcellular distribution. This review explores the diverse functionalities of GAPDHs in plants, highlighting their significance in plant metabolic processes and stress adaptation.

Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U23A20206 and Grant No. 32201602), the Natural Science Fund of Hubei Province (Grant No. 2023AFB1036), the CNTC Technology Project (110202201012(JY-12), 110202401009(JY-09) & 110202404004), the Beijing Life Science Academy Project (Grant No. 2023200CC0270), the Key Special Project of Intergovernmental International Cooperation of the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2023YFE0125100), and the China Agriculture Research System (Grant No. CARS-30).

Author contributions

Y.C. drafted the initial manuscript based on the planned content. Y.C., J.H., H.W., M.L., Y.C., L.L, X.L., and Y.H. contributed information and suggestions. Y.C., X.L., and Y.H. reviewed and edited the manuscript.

Data availability

All relevant data are included in the manuscript.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

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