Karyotype variation patterns and phenotypic responses of hybrid progenies of triploid loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) provide new insight into aneuploid germplasm innovation

Abstract

The sexual reproduction of triploids induces chromosomal karyotype variations, which are significant for germplasm resource innovation. Most triploid plants are with low fertility. Therefore, triploid offspring karyotypes’ variation pattern and phenotypic response remain poorly understood. Here, we employed three diploids with diverse genetic distances as male parents to cross-pollinate the female fertile triploid loquat Q24 to construct three experimental populations. The chromosome numbers of 93.82% of hybrid plants were 34~46 in three hybrid populations. All 168 aneuploids with 160 karyotypes and a small percentage of euploids were detected among 178 hybrids by the improved molecular karyotype analysis method. Further analysis revealed that when being transmitted to offspring, chromosome 5 of Q24 as disomy had the highest frequency (>50%), while chromosome 12 had the lowest frequency (≤30%). The frequency of Q24’s chromosomes being transmitted to offspring as disomy was influenced by the gene function on the chromosomes and the number of interchromosome collinear gene links. Whole-genome resequencing showed that the Q24 alleles exhibited segregation distortions in the offspring aneuploid population. Transgenic experiments demonstrated that the EjRUN1 gene, which was on one segregation distortion region of Q24, promoted the seed viability of triploid Arabidopsis. Furthermore, chromosome number, dosage, and male parent genotype affected the aneuploid phenotype. These findings advance the understanding of genome genetic characteristics of triploid loquat, and provide a reference for germplasm innovation of loquat rapidly through triploid sexual reproduction.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFD1600800), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32171820), the Chongqing Science and Technology Commission (cstc2021jscx-gksbX0010, cstc2024ycjh-bgzxm0202, and CSTB2023TIAD-KPX0044), Characteristic Fruit Industry and Technology System Innovation Team of Chongqing Agriculture and Rural Affairs Commission (No. 2020[3]01).

Author contributions

Q.G.G., J.B.D., and G.L.L. designed the research. P.W., S.J.Y., M.Y.C., and Y.J.L. performed research, and P.W., Q.H., H.Y.S., D.W., S.Q.X., D.L.J., and S.M.W. analyzed data. P.W., J.B.D., and G.L.L. wrote the manuscript with input from all authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Data availability

All data referred to are included in the manuscript or are available in supplementary materials.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Supplementary Data

Supplementary data is available at Horticulture Research online.

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