The triple burden of disease: Implications for policy, practice, education and research

Ethics approval

Not applicable.

Funding

None.

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Thitipong Tankumpuan: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing -Original Draft; Ameporn Ratinthorn: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing -Original Draft; Yingjuan Cao: Methodology, Writing -Review & Editing; Binu Koirala: Methodology, Writing -Review & Editing; Shanshan Wang: Methodology, Writing -Review & Editing; Cheryl R. Himmelfarb: Methodology, Writing -Review & Editing; Patricia M. Davidson: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing -Original Draft. All authors have read and approved the final version of this manuscript.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest. Patricia M. Davidson, Honorary Editor-in-Chief of Healthcare and Rehabilitation, and Yingjuan Cao, Editor-in-Chief of Healthcare and Rehabilitation, confirm no involvement in any stage of this article's peer-review process, ensuring unbiased editorial decision-making.

Acknowledgments

None.

Data Availabity

Not applicable.

References

[1] Okonkwo CC, Nwose EU, Beccaria G, Khanam R. VUCA in the present-day health workplace and the mental health and wellbeing of health care workers: a systematic scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2024; 24(1):1343. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11806-2

[2] Daly J, Jackson D, Anders R, Davidson PM. Who speaks for nursing? COVID‐19 highlighting gaps in leadership. J Clin Nurs. 2020; 29(15-16):2751-2752. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15305

[3] Schreiber D., Hassnaoui S., Weyembergh A., Brosig M., Kanifa K., Tibaingana A.From Polycrisis to Polysolutions. Europe's Civic University Alliance; Published March 2025. Accessed 15 May 2025 https://civis.eu/storage/files/1foundational-brief-polycrisis-and-policy-series-formatted-version2-schreiber-etal-mar-2025.pdf.

[4] Mukarram M. Impact of COVID-19 on the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs). Strateg Anal. 2020; 44(3):253-258. https://doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2020.1788363

[5] Koirala B, Peeler A, Dennison Himmelfarb C, Davidson PM. Living with multiple chronic conditions: how we achieve holistic care and optimize health outcomes. J Adv Nurs. 2023; 79(2):e7-e9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15433

[6] Mahidol University. Triple Burdens of Diseases: Nurse-Led Game Changer to Optimize Outcome of Care 2025. January 7-9, 2025; Bangkok, Thailand.

[7] Karn M, Sharma M. Climate change, natural calamities and the triple burden of disease. Nat Clim Change. 2021; 11(10):796-797. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01164-w

[8] Meharg DP, Naanyu V, Rambaldini B, et al. The Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases researchers’ statement on non-communicable disease research with Indigenous peoples. Lancet Glob Health. 2023; 11(3):e324-e326. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00039-6

[9] Pandey A, Galvani AP. Exacerbation of measles mortality by vaccine hesitancy worldwide. Lancet Glob Health. 2023; 11(4):e478-e479. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00063-3

[10] Davidson PM, Koirala B, Himmelfarb CR. Nurse led heart failure clinics: looking back and moving forward. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2025; 24(2):301-304. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjcn/zvaf005

[11] LeClair J, Potter T.Planetary health nursing. Am J Nurs. 2022; 122(4):47-52. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000827336.29891.9b

[12] Tsakonas K, Badyal S, Takaro T, Buse CG. Rapid review of the impacts of climate change on the health system workforce and implications for action. J Clim Chang Health. 2024;19:100337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2024.100337

[13] Tesfaye S, Cronin RM, Lopez-Class M, et al. Measuring social determinants of health in the All of Us Research Program. Sci Rep. 2024; 14(1):8815. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57410-6

[14] Pool J, Indulska M, Sadiq S. Large language models and generative AI in telehealth: a responsible use lens. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2024; 31(9):2125-2136. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocae035

[15] Davidson PM, Zaman MH, Ferguson C, Currow DC. How Can We Promote Trust in Technology to Increase Access and Equity in Health Care? J Adv Nurs. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.16671

[16] World Health Organisation. State of the Worlds Nursing Report 2025. Accessed 15 May 2025. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240110236/

[17] Nove A ten Hoope-Bender P, Boyce M, et al. The State of the World’s Midwifery 2021 report: findings to drive global policy and practice. Hum Resour Health. 2021; 19(1):146. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-021-00694-w

[18] Taylor L. Pandemic accord: global health game changer or empty promises? BMJ. 2025;389:r787. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.r787

[19] Davidson PM, Currow D, Pantilat SZ, Hillman K. Asking the tough questions and having crucial conversations: promoting the value and quality of healthcare simultaneously. Int J Stud Nurs. 2025;169:105098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2025.105098