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Abstract
Millimeter-wave is the core technology to enable multi-Gbps throughput and ultra-low latency connectivity. But the devices need to operate at very high frequency and ultra-wide bandwidth: They consume more energy, dissipate more power, and subsequently heat up faster. Device overheating is a common concern of many users, and millimeter-wave would exacerbate the problem. In this work, we first thermally characterize millimeter-wave devices. Our measurements reveal that after only 10 s of data transfer at 1.9 Gbps bit-rate, the millimeter-wave antenna temperature reaches 68°C; it reduces the link throughput by 21%, increases the standard deviation of throughput by 6, and takes 130 s to dissipate the heat completely. Besides degrading the user experience, exposure to high device temperature also creates discomfort. Based on the measurement insights, we propose Aquilo, a temperature-aware, multi-antenna network scheduler. It maintains relatively high throughput performance but cools down the devices substantially. Our testbed experiments under both static and mobile conditions demonstrate that Aquilo achieves a median peak temperature only 0.5°C to 2°C above the optimal while sacrificing less than 10% of throughput.
Keywords
5G
/
Millimeter-wave
/
Temperature-aware design
/
Multi-antenna scheduler
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Moh Sabbir Saadat, Sanjib Sur, Srihari Nelakuditi.
Aquilo: Temperature-aware scheduler for millimeter-wave devices and networks.
High-Confidence Computing, 2024, 4(4): 100223 DOI:10.1016/j.hcc.2024.100223
Declaration of competing interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation (CCF1919154 and ECCS-1923409).
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