Genetic types, mineralization styles, and geodynamic drive of uranium deposits in the South China Block

Jie Yan; Qingfei Wang; Fei Xia; Jiayong Pan; Fujun Zhong; Renyu Zeng; Zhibai Chen; Chaogui Hu; Chengbiao Leng; Mingxing Ling

doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102241

Geoscience Frontiers ›› 2026, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (2) :102241 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102241

research-article

Genetic types, mineralization styles, and geodynamic drive of uranium deposits in the South China Block

Jie Yan ^a^,^b^,^c^,^d
, Qingfei Wang ^a^,^b^,^d^,^*
, Fei Xia ^a
, Jiayong Pan ^a
, Fujun Zhong ^a
, Renyu Zeng ^a^,^b^,^c
, Zhibai Chen ^c
, Chaogui Hu ^c
, Chengbiao Leng ^a^,^b^,^c
, Mingxing Ling ^a^,^b

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Abstract

The South China Block (SCB) is recognized as one of the most signiﬁcant uranium deposit clusters in the world, characterized by its complex genetic types and geodynamic drives. Based on host rocks, uranium deposits in the SCB can be categorized into three primary types, exhibiting a trend from black shale-related deposits in the west, to granite-related, and ultimately to volcanic-related deposits toward the eastern margin of the SCB. We identify that three types of deposits are primarily distributed within or along margins of ancient crustal domains. Geochronological data reveals large-scale uranium mineralization occurred predominantly during Cretaceous and Paleogene periods. Uranium mineralization was mainly controlled by structures in the extensional setting, developed particularly at subsidiary faults, lithological (unconformity, intrusion contacts) and physicochemical interfaces. Uranium mineralization is dominantly characterized by medium to low ore-forming temperature with pitchblende as the main industrial mineral, and with siliciﬁcation, carbonatization, hematitization, fluoritization and chloritization as common alteration. Isotopic studies show that sulfur sourced from host rocks, while carbon isotopes distinguish mantle-derived signatures in granite- and volcanic-related deposits from primarily sedimentary organic matter sources in black shale-related deposit. Uranium was mainly contributed by host rocks which are relatively U-fertile geological formations. Magmatic and/or mantle-derived mineralizing agents promote the activation and migration of uranium in host rocks, and accelerate the accumulation of U in ore-forming fluids. Our study suggests that the coupling of shallow and deep-seated energy and conduit system within a crustal extension setting, together with the pre-enrichment of uranium in basement and host rocks, controlled the formation of uranium deposits in the SCB.

Keywords

Uranium deposits / South China Block / Isotope geochemistry / Genesis / Crustal extension

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Jie Yan, Qingfei Wang, Fei Xia, Jiayong Pan, Fujun Zhong, Renyu Zeng, Zhibai Chen, Chaogui Hu, Chengbiao Leng, Mingxing Ling. Genetic types, mineralization styles, and geodynamic drive of uranium deposits in the South China Block. Geoscience Frontiers, 2026, 17(2): 102241 DOI:10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102241

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CRediT authorship contribution statement

Jie Yan: Writing - original draft, Methodology, Formal analysis, Conceptualization. Qingfei Wang: Writing - review & editing, Supervision, Methodology, Conceptualization. Fei Xia: Validation, Supervision, Resources. Jiayong Pan: Validation, Supervision, Resources. Fujun Zhong: Writing - review & editing, Investigation, Formal analysis. Renyu Zeng: Investigation, Formal analysis. Zhibai Chen: Formal analysis, Data curation. Chaogui Hu: Formal analysis, Data curation. Chengbiao Leng: Writing - review & editing, Conceptualization. Mingxing Ling: Writing - review & editing, Conceptualization.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing ﬁnancial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Corresponding author Qingfei Wang is an Associate Editor of this Journal and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article.

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the support from Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (20242BAB27002), National Natural Science Foundation of China (42262017, 42172098, 42362011), China National Uranium Co., Ltd. - East China University of Technology Innovation Partnership Foundation (2023NRE-LH-12), Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration - National Science and Technology Major Project (2024ZD1003403), Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Genesis and Prospect for Strategic Minerals (2023SSY01011) and Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (20212BAB213009, 20232BAB213061).

Appendix A. Supplementary data

Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102241.

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