Late Mesozoic porphyry copper deposits in NE China: Post-collisional versus subduction-related magmatic systems

Abstract

Recent discoveries of Late Mesozoic porphyry Cu deposits (PCDs) in Northeast (NE) China reveal a distinct spatial metallogenic zonation, with Late Jurassic PCDs in the north dominated by Cu-Mo and Early Cretaceous PCDs in the east marked by Cu-Au mineralization. However, the mechanisms controlling this metallogenic contrast remain unclear. To tackle this issue, we combined geological, geochronological, and geochemical data to determine the genesis of these deposits and the key factors controlling their distinct Cu-Mo and Cu-Au mineralization. Geochronological data show that the Late Jurassic PCDs were formed during a short-lived mineralization event (ca. 150-147 Ma), in contrast to the Early Cretaceous PCDs, which exhibit a prolonged formation history (ca. 120-95 Ma). Geochemical data demonstrate that the northern Cu-Mo PCDs originate from partial melting of thickened juvenile lower crust, whereas the eastern Cu-Au PCDs result from oceanic crust-derived melts contaminated by mantle wedge materials. Integrated analysis suggests that the Cu-Mo PCDs formed in a post-collisional setting after the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean closure, while the Cu-Au PCDs formed in a subduction setting associated with Paleo-Pacific oceanic plate subduction. Despite the presence of hydrous and oxidized magmas in both regions, the northern PCDs exhibit higher Sr/Y, La/Yb, and Sm/Yb ratios than the eastern PCDs, indicating greater magma differentiation depths controlled by crustal thickness. We therefore propose that the depths of magma differentiation govern the metallogenic zoning of Late Mesozoic PCDs in NE China.

Keywords

Late Mesozoic / Porphyry copper deposits / NE China / Post-collisional / Subduction

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Bizheng Yang: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing - original draft. Fanbo Meng: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing - original draft. Yuzhou Feng: Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing. Xinran Ni: Investigation, Writing - original draft. Changzhou Deng: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Investigation, Methodology, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing. Jingjing Zhu: Data curation, Writing - review & editing. Runsheng Yin: Investigation, Data curation, Writing - review & editing. Huayong Chen: Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42273072), the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (LH2022D028). We are grateful to Dr. Mingliang Huang for his valuable comments and suggestions on this paper.

Appendix A. Supplementary data

Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102190.

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