Crustal contamination and insights into diachronous changes toward modern tectonics: evidence from Hf-Nd-O-Pb isotope of sanukitoids from the Amazonian craton

Abstract

Archean sanukitoids provide crucial insights into crust-mantle interactions during the early Earth’s geodynamic evolution. However, the role of crustal contamination in their genesis remains uncertain. Sanukitoids identified in the Sapucaia subdomain of the southern Carajás Province are represented by two plutons Água Limpa and Água Azul, collectively referred to as the Água Limpa sanukitoid suite. These plutons are compositionally similar to low-Ti sanukitoids (< 0.63% TiO₂) and their zircon isotopic data record a short period of magmatic activity around ca. 2.87 Ga. Sanukitoids zircons reveal εHf(t) values ranging from -3.31 to + 2.14, Hf and Nd model ages between 2.91 Ga and 3.28 Ga, whole-rock εNd(t) values from -1.64 to + 1.76, and δ¹⁸O values ranging from 5.0 ‰ to 7.6 ‰. The Pb isotopic compositions in K-feldspar (λ > 10) suggests a Mesoarchean mantle source affected by slight crustal contribution and/or contamination. Result of geochemical modelling indicates that the sanukitoids were formed by ∼15% partial melting of mantle peridotite previously enriched by ∼30% of slab-derived melts, with orthopyroxene, garnet, clinopyroxene, phlogopite, and magnetite as residual phases. The integration of our data with previously published results leads us to suggest that modern-style plate tectonics may have initiated along the northern Carajás Province during the Mesoarchean, while the Rio Maria domain to the south remained dominated by mantle plume-driven crustal growth and vertical tectonics.

Keywords

Sanukitoids / Isotope geochemistry / Crustal evolution / Subduction / Mesoarchean

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Aline Costa do Nascimento: Writing - original draft, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Conceptualization. Davis Carvalho de Oliveira: Writing - review & editing, Supervision. Esa Heilimo: Writing - review & editing, Supervision. Marco Antonio Galarza: Methodology, Formal analysis. Eleilson Oliveira Gabriel: Methodology. Martin Whitehouse: Methodology. Matti Kurhila: Methodology. Cláudio Nery Lamarão: Validation.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgements

The authors warmly thank Kerstin Lindén (NordSIMS) for preparing the zircon mounts used in the oxygen studies, and Arto Peltola (University of Turku, UTU) for preparing the feldspar mounts for the Pb-Pb analysis. Thanks are also extended to Ermai Mäkilä (UTU) for providing SEM images, and to Gisele Marques for technical support in the Microanalysis Laboratory (UFPA). We acknowledge the Materials Research Infrastructure (MARI) at the Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, for access to and support with the SEM facilities. Heejin Jeon and Xuan Liu are also thanked for their assistance during the analytical sessions at the NordSIMS and GTK (Espoo, Finland) laboratories, respectively. NordSIMS is supported through funding by the Swedish Museum of Natural History and the Swedish Research Council via infrastructure grant 2021-00276. This is NordSIMS publication number 807. This work received financial support from the Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) through a PhD scholarship grant (140684/2021-2) and Productivity grants (311647/2019-7 and 312151/2023-3) and Research project (406227/2023-3). Additional funding was provided by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) through an exchange program (PDSE-2024 grant: 88881.934051/2024-01). We are grateful to the editor, Federico Lucci, for their efficient handling of the editorial process, and to Armin Zeh and an anonymous reviewer for their valuable contributions.

Appendix A. Supplementary data

Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102172.

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