Two phases of high potassic-shoshonitic magmatism and coeval Sn polymetallic mineralization in the Bozhushan orefield, southwestern China

Abstract

The Cretaceous granitoid magmatism in the Gejiu-Bozhushan-Laojunshan region records tectonic transitions from the Neotethys to the South China Block and is genetically linked to Sn-polymetallic mineralization. However, the tectonic settings of magmatism and metallogeny remain unclear, particularly in the Bozhushan orefield. Integrated whole-rock geochemistry, Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes, zircon U-Pb-Hf-O isotopes, monazite U-Th-Pb-Nd isotopes, apatite U-Pb-REE data from the Bozhushan pluton, and cassiterite U-Pb dating from three Sn-polymetallic deposits are presented to understand the crustal architecture and tectonic-magmatic-metallogeny. The pluton consists of six interdigitated units characterized by high potassic-shoshonitic and peraluminous compositions, which are further subdivided into two magmatic stages: (1) Rim-located granodiorites (Units 1 ‒ 3, 91 ‒ 90 Ma, Stage I): I-type, characterized by the presence of biotite + K-feldspar + plagioclase, and featuring high Sr/Y, (La/Yb)_N, and LREE-enriched apatite. They likely originate from lithospheric mantle melting during eastward Neotethys subduction, which triggered crustal melting and is linked to peripheral Ag-Pb-Zn-W polymetallic mineralization (ca. 91 ‒ 89 Ma, defined as Phase I magmatic-metallogenic event). (2) Core-located high evolved monzogranites (Units 4 ‒ 6, 87 ‒ 86 Ma, Stage II): S-type, containing muscovite + K-feldspar + plagioclase ± tourmaline, with LREE-depleted apatite, higher SiO₂ and Rb/Sr, derived from the low-pressure partial melting of Neoproterozoic biotite-rich metagreywackes in the shallow crust during ongoing Neotethys subduction-induced collision, associated with Sn-dominated mineralization (87 ‒ 80 Ma, defined as Phase II magmatic-metallogenic event). Geochemical and Isotopic trends suggest mantle-crust interaction during Stage I and crustal recycling during Stage II, both driven by the ongoing subduction of Neotethys. This dual-stage magmatism establishes a dynamic model in which tectonic processes control magma sources, isotopic signatures, and metal partitioning, providing key insights into granite-related Sn polymetallic mineralization in the Bozhushan orefield.

Keywords

I-type granodiorite / Highly evolved S-type monzogranite / Multiproxy geochronology / Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf-O isotopes / Bozhushan orefield / Southeast Yunnan

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Yanbin Liu: Writing - original draft, Resources, Methodology, Investigation, Conceptualization. Guochen Dong: Writing - review & editing, Supervision, Funding acquisition. M. Santosh: Writing - review & editing, Supervision. Dapeng Li: Writing - review & editing, Investigation, Formal analysis. Liangliang Zhang: Investigation, Formal analysis. Sen Wang: Investigation, Formal analysis.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Co-author M. Santosh is Editorial Advisor of this journal, and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article.

Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2652023006), the National Science and Technology Major Project (202303AA08000601), the Open Fund of Provincial and Ministerial Key Laboratory, Shandong Institute of Geological Sciences (KFKT202405), and the “Deep-time Digital Earth” Science and Technology Leading Talents Team Funds for the Central Universities for the Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) (2652023002). We appreciate Yueheng Yang, Xiaoping Xia, Le Zhang and Wenrui Sun for the data analysis, constructive discussions, and comments. Thanks are also due to Peihua Shu and Yantao Zhang for the field support.

Appendix A. Supplementary data

Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102157.

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