Wave velocities and anisotropy of rocks: Implication for origin of low velocity zone of the Qinling Orogenic Belt, China

Abstract

Structure and composition of Earth are fundamental importance in exploring the dynamic evolution of the crust and mantle. The Qinling Orogenic Belt (QOB) is located between the North China plate and the South China Plate, and is one of the main orogenic belts in China. To explore the composition and origin of anisotropy and the low wave velocity zone of the QOB, ten rock samples (gneiss and schist) were collected from the five sites of the QOB and the P- and S-wave velocities of these samples were measured under 0.6 to 2.0 GPa and 100 to 550 °C. The wave velocities increase with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature. The V_P and V_S of the schist and gneiss match the velocity of the middle and lower crust of the QOB, indicating that schist and gneiss are important component of the QOB. All the schist and gneiss samples exhibit obvious seismic anisotropy with 1.64%–17.42% for V_S and 2.93%–14.78% for V_P under conditions of crust and upper mantle. The CPO/LPO and layering distribution of mica in rock samples are the main reasons for this anisotropy. The V_S structures below the five sampled sites from seismic ambient noise tomography were built to explore the effect of schist and gneiss on the composition and structure of the QOB. The results indicate that orientation-arranged gneiss and schist driven by the tectonic stresses might be a new origin of the character of V_P/V_S, seismic anisotropy, and the low velocity zone in the QOB.

Keywords

Wave velocity of rock / Anisotropy / Origin of low velocity zone / The Qinling Orogenic Belt

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Lei Liu: Writing – original draft, Validation, Methodology, Investigation, Funding acquisition, Conceptualization. Ying Li: Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Resources, Conceptualization. Tingting Li: Investigation, Data curation. Hanyu Wang: Writing – original draft, Validation, Data curation. Shasha Liu: Software, Resources, Data curation. Panpan Zhao: Writing – review & editing, Validation, Resources. Gerile Naren: Resources, Data curation. Li Yi: Validation, Methodology, Conceptualization. Hong Liu: Validation, Methodology, Conceptualization. Fengxia Sun: Validation, Methodology, Conceptualization. Jianguo Du: Writing – review & editing, Methodology, Conceptualization.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgments

This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42174115 and 42330311), the Special Fund of the Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration (CEAIEF20230301), and the State key laboratory of earthquake dynamics (LED2021B02). This research is a contribution to the International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) Project 724.

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