Theoretical analysis of organic Rankine cycle for maximum power generation in optimization operation conditions

Abstract

The global critical issue in energy scarcity should be appropriately solved to realize a sustainable society. Effective use of Rankine cycle is one possible way since it provides most of worldwide electricity production. In this paper, theoretical analysis model of organic working fluids R717, R134a, R1234yf, R290, R245fa and R1233zd in Rankine cycle for maximum power generation in optimization operation using low-temperature heat sources are proposed and studied for development next generation green and zero-carbon energy generation system to promote the race to zero. Results show that temperatures of warm and cold water at inlet, mass flow rate of the warm water and performance of the evaporator play a key role to obtain the theoretical optimization operation conditions for maximum power generation. In the case of same initial conditions of temperatures of warm water (85°C) and cold water (15°C) at inlet, mass flow rate of the warm water (10 kg/s) and performance of the evaporator (100 kW/K), R717 has the best performance in terms of the maximum power output 56.0 kW with thermal efficiency of 8.6%, and the next is the R1233zd (54.4 kW, 8.3%), R245fa (54.0 kW, 8.2%), R134a (52.8 kW, 7.9%), R290 (52.7 kW, 7.9%), and R1234yf (51.7 kW, 7.7%). Here, it should be noticed that other optimization conditions are almost the same (mass flow rate of the cold water 9.1-9.2 kg/s; performance of the condenser 91∼92 kW/K) to get their maximum power output of ORC. In addition, it also known that low-GWP R1233zd (GWP: 1) can deserve the best option to replace R245fa (GWP: 950) and R1234yf (GWP: 4) also can replace r134a (GWP: 1430) since their optimization operation conditions are almost same.

Keywords

Theoretical analysis / Maximum power generation / Organic rankine cycle / R717 / R134a / R1234yf / R290 / R245fa / R1233zd / Optimization operation

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Baoju Jia: Writing - review & editing, Writing - original draft. Yu Lei: Writing - review & editing. Faming Sun: Writing - review & editing. Weisheng Zhou: Writing - review & editing.

Declaration of competing interest

We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work, there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of, the manuscript entitled, “Theoretical analysis of organic Rankine cycle for maximum power generation in optimization operation conditions”.

References

[1] Araya, S., Wemhoff, A., Jones, G., Fleischer, A., 2020. An experimental study of an Organic Rankine Cycle utilizing HCFO-1233zd (E) as a drop-in replacement for HFC- 245fa for ultra-low-grade waste heat recovery. Appl. Therm. Eng. 180, 115757.

[2] Babatunde, A., Sunday, O., 2018. A review of working fluids for organic rankine cycle (ORC) applications. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 413, 012019.

[3] Chen, H.J., Goswami, D.Y., Stefanakos, E.K., 2010. A review of thermodynamic cycles and working fluids for the conversion of low-temperature heat. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 14 (9), 3059-3067.

[4] Dai, Y.P., Wang, J.F., Gao, L., 2009. Parametric optimization and comparative study of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for low-temperature waste heat recovery. Energy Convers. Manag. 50 (3), 576-582.

[5] Delgado-Torresa, A.M., Garcia-Rodriguez, L., 2010. Analysis and optimization of the lowtemperature solar organic Rankine cycle (ORC). Energy Convers. Manag. 51 (12), 2846-2856.

[6] DiPippo, R., 2004. Second Law assessment of binary plants generating power from lowtemperature geothermal fluids. Geothermics 33, 565-586.

[7] Fallah, M., Mohammad, S., Mahmoudi, S., Yari, M., Akbarpour Ghiasi, R., 2016. Advanced exergy analysis of the Kalina cycle applied for low temperature enhanced geothermal system. Energy Convers. Manag. 108, 190-201.

[8] Herath, H., Wijewardane, M., Ranasinghe, R., Jayasekera, J., 2020. Working fluid selection of organic rankine cycles. Energy Rep. 6 (9), 680-686.

[9] Hettiarachchi, H.D.M., Golubovica, M., Worek, W.M., Ikegami, Y., 2007. Optimum design criteria for an Organic Rankine cycle using low-temperature geothermal heat sources. Energy 32 (9), 1698-1706.

[10] Hung, T.C., Shai, T.Y., Wang, S.K., 1997. A review of organic rankine cycles (ORCs) for the recovery of low-temperature waste heat. Energy 22 (7), 661-667.

[11] Ikegami, Y., Bejan, A., 1998. On the thermodynamic optimization of power plants with heat transfer and fluid flow irreversibilities. J. Sol. Energy Eng. 120, 139-144.

[12] Kalina, A.I., 1982. Generation of Energy by Means of a Working Fluid, and Regeneration of a Working Fluid. United States: N.

[13] Kalina, A.I., 1984. Combined-cycle system with a novel bottoming cycle. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 106, 737-742.

[14] Kalina, A.I., Leibowitz, H.M., 1989. Application of the Kalina cycle technology to geothermal power generation. Geothermal Resources Council Proceedings 13, 605-611.

[15] Kalina, A.I., Leibowitz, H.M., 1994. Applying Kalina Cycle technology to high enthalpy geothermal resources. Trans. Geoth. Resour. Counc. 18, 531-536.

[16] Liu, B.T., Chien, K.H., Wang, C.C., 2004. Effect of working fluids on organic Rankine cycle for waste heat recovery. Energy 29 (8), 1207-1217.

[17] Liu, H., Shao, Y.J., Li, J.X., 2011. A biomass-fired micro-scale CHP system with organic Rankine cycle (ORC)-Thermodynamic modelling studies. Biomass Bioenergy 35 (9), 3985-3994.

[18] Lolos, P.A., Rogdakis, E.D., 2009. A Kalina power cycle driven by renewable energy sources. Energy 34 (4), 457-464.

[19] Saleh, B., Koglbauer, G., Wendland, M., Fischer, J., 2007. Working fluids for lowtemperature organic Rankine cycles. Energy 32 (7), 1210-1221.

[20] Sauret, E., Rowlands, A.S., 2011. Candidate radial-inflow turbines and high-density working fluids for geothermal power systems. Energy 36 (7), 4460-4467.

[21] Sun, F.M., Ikegami, Y., Jia, B.J., Arima, H., 2012a. Optimization design and exergy analysis of organic Rankine cycle in ocean thermal energy conversion. Appl. Ocean Res. 35, 38-46.

[22] Sun, F.M., Ikegami, Y., Jia, B.J., 2012b. A study on Kalina solar system with an auxiliary superheater. Renew. Energy 41, 210-219.

[23] Sun, F.M., Ikegami, Y., Arima, H., Zhou, W.S., 2013a. Performance analysis of the low temperature solar-boosted power generation system e part I: comparison between Kalina solar system and Rankine solar system. J. Sol. Energy Eng. 135, 1-11, 011006.

[24] Sun, F.M., Ikegami, Y., Arima, H., Zhou, W.S., 2013b. Performance analysis of the low temperature solar-boosted power generation system e part II: thermodynamic characteristics of the Kalina solar system. J. Sol. Energy Eng. 135, 1-8, 011007.

[25] Sun, F.M., Zhou, W.S., Ikegami, Y., Nakagami, K., Su, X.M., 2014. Energy-exergy analysis and optimization of the solar-boosted Kalina cycle system 11 (KCS-11). Renew. Energy 66, 268-279.

[26] Tchanche, B.F., Lambrinos, G., Frangoudakis, A., Papadakis, G., 2011. Low-temperature heat conversion into power using organic Rankine cycles - a review of various applications. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 15 (8), 3963-3979.

[27] Uehara, H., Ikegami, Y., 1990. Optimization of a closed-cycle OTEC system. J. Sol. Energy Eng. 112, 247-256.

[28] Uehara, H., Dilao, C.O., Nakaoka, T., 1998a. Conceptual design of ocean thermal energy conversion power plants in the Philippines. Sol. Energy 41 (5), 431-441.

[29] Uehara, H., Ikegami, Y., Nishida, T., 1998b. Performance analysis of OTEC system using a cycle with absorption and extraction processes. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (Part B) 64, 384-389.

[30] Wang, X.D., Zhao, L., Wang, J.L., Zhang, W.Z., Zhao, X.Z., Wu, W., 2010. Performance evaluation of a low-temperature solar rankine cycle system utilizing R245fa. Sol. Energy 84 (3), 353-364.

[31] Wang, J.F., Yan, Z.Q., Zhou, E.M., Dai, Y.P., 2013. Parametric analysis and optimization of a Kalina cycle driven by solar energy. Appl. Therm. Eng. 50 (1), 408-415.

[32] Wei, D.H., Lu, X.S., Lu, Z., 2007. Performance analysis and optimization of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for waste heat recovery. Energy Convers. Manag. 48 (4), 1113-1119.

[33] Wu, C., 1990. Specific power optimization of closed-cycle OTEC plants. Ocean Eng. 17 (3), 307-314.

[34] Yang, M., Liu, M., Yeh, R., 2024. Investigation of low-GWP working fluids as substitutes for R245fa in organic Rankine cycle application. Heliyon 10, e34219.

[35] Zhang, X.R., Yamaguchi, H., Fujima, K., Enomoto, M., Sawada, N., 2005. A feasibility study of CO2-based Rankine cycle powered by solar energy. JSME Int. J. Ser. B Fluids Therm. Eng. 48, 540-547.

[36] Zhang, S.J., Wang, H.X., Guo, T., 2011. Performance comparison and parametric optimization of subcritical Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and transcritical power cycle system for low-temperature geothermal power generation. Appl. Energy 88 (8), 2740-2754.