The impact of the design of learning spaces on attention and memory from a neuroarchitectural approach: A systematic review

Abstract

Enriched environments in animal models have demonstrated that exposure to an optimal stimulus improves behavior, cognition, and genomics. However, the evidence base for the neurophysiological influence of human environment enrichment has not been extensively studied. This systematic review compiles indicators about the effect of built, indoor environments on the cognitive processes of memory and attention in humans. This work pursues two main objectives: (1) to define current knowledge and the methods that are useful and identify whether previously published studies indicate consistencies and (2) to report the approaches and strategies that can be used in evaluating cognitive processes affected by environment response. Results of this systematic review show that (1) form and geometry, (2) space distribution and context, (3) color and texture, (4) height, width, and enclosure, (5) transition and circulation, and (6) light, sound, and temperature have an impact on memory and/or attention, and they can be assessed objectively. Despite all the advances in this field, methodological limitations and a lack of cross-validated standard protocols are found. Therefore, future research is necessary to provide a deep insight into how human cognition can be heightened by the environment to which it is exposed.

Key words： Built environment; Neuroarchitecture; Cognition; Attention; Memory; Learning spaces