RESEARCH ARTICLE

Relative locations of subwords in free operated semigroups and Motzkin words

  • Shanghua ZHENG 1 ,
  • LI GUO , 1,2
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  • 1. Department of Mathematics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • 2. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA

Received date: 12 Dec 2013

Accepted date: 11 Apr 2014

Published date: 24 Jun 2015

Copyright

2014 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Abstract

Bracketed words are basic structures both in mathematics (such as Rota-Baxter algebras) and mathematical physics (such as rooted trees) where the locations of the substructures are important. In this paper, we give the classification of the relative locations of two bracketed subwords of a bracketed word in an operated semigroup into the separated, nested, and intersecting cases. We achieve this by establishing a correspondence between relative locations of bracketed words and those of words by applying the concept of Motzkin words which are the algebraic forms of Motzkin paths.

Cite this article

Shanghua ZHENG , LI GUO . Relative locations of subwords in free operated semigroups and Motzkin words[J]. Frontiers of Mathematics in China, 2015 , 10(5) : 1243 -1261 . DOI: 10.1007/s11464-014-0379-1

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