Conformal shape-adaptive wireless charging supercapacitors for wearable devices

Abstract

Flexible wireless charging energy storage devices enable simultaneous energy harvesting and storage in a fully untethered manner, offering promising solutions for next-generation wearable electronics. Herein, we develop a conformal and shape-adaptive all-MXene-printed flexible wireless charging supercapacitor on an ultra-thin polyethylene (PE) substrate. The device seamlessly integrates wireless charging coils (WCCs) and micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) via high-precision direct ink writing, enabling dynamic deformation and intimate contact with arbitrarily curved surfaces without compromising electrical performance. The unique circuit architecture achieves a wireless power transfer efficiency of 57.1%. The MSCs deliver an areal capacitance of 66.18 mF cm⁻² at 0.1 mA cm⁻² and a high energy density of 29.7 μWh cm⁻² at a power density of 70 μW cm⁻². After only 6 min of wireless charging, the integrated device outputs 1.51 mW of power-sufficient to illuminate an LED. The conformal shape-adaptive design not only enhances mechanical adaptability and user comfort in wearable systems but also ensures reliable energy storage under real-world deformation scenarios. This work provides a versatile platform for the design of multifunctional, seamlessly integrated, and self-powered energy modules tailored for future wearable electronics.

Keywords

conformal shape-adaptive / direct ink writing / micro-supercapacitors / MXene / wearable electronics / wireless charging

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RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2025 The Author(s). FlexMat published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications.