Aslotted floor acquisitionmultiple access based MACprotocol for underwater acoustic networks withRTS competition

Abstract

Long propagation delay, limited bandwidth, and high bit error rate pose great challenges in media access control (MAC) protocol design for underwater acoustic networks. A MAC protocol called slotted floor acquisition multiple access (slotted-FAMA) suitable for underwater acoustic networks is proposed and analyzed. This FAMA based protocol adds a time slot mechanism to avoid DATA packet collisions. However, slotted-FAMA is not suitable for dense networks since the multiple request-to-send (RTS) attempts problem in dense networks is serious and greatly limits the network throughput. To overcome this drawback, this paper proposes a slotted-FAMA based MAC protocol for underwater acoustic networks, called RC-SFAMA. RC-SFAMA introduces an RTS competition mechanism to keep the network from high frequency of backoff caused by the multiple RTS attempts problem. Via the RTS competition mechanism, useful data transmission can be completed successfully when the situation of multiple RTS attempts occurs. Simulation results show that RC-SFAMA increases the network throughput efficiency as compared with slotted-FAMA, and minimizes the energy consumption.

Keywords

Underwater acoustic networks / Medium access control (MAC) / Request-to-send (RTS) competition / Throughput / Energy consumption

References

[1] Abramson, N., 1970. THE ALOHA SYSTEM: another alternative for computer communications. Proc. AFIPS, p.281-285. [

[2] Akyildiz, I.F., Pompili, D., Melodia, T., 2005. Underwater acoustic sensor networks: research challenges. Ad Hoc Netw., 3(3): 257-279. [

[3] Casari, P., Tomasi, B., Zorzi, M., 2008. A comparison between the Tone-Lohi and slotted FAMA MAC protocols for underwater networks. Proc. OCEANS, p.1-8. [

[4] Cui, J.H., Kong, J., Gerla, M., , 2006. The challenges of building mobile underwater wireless networks for aquatic applications. IEEE Network, 20(3): 12-18. [

[5] Guo, X., Frater, M.R., Rya, M.J., 2009. Design of a propagation-delay-tolerant MAC protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks. IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., 34(2): 170-180. [

[6] Karn, P., 1990. MACA—a new channel access method for packet radio. Proc. ARRL/CRRL Amateur Radio 9th Computer Networking Conf., p.134-140.

[7] Li, Z.B., Guo, Z.W., Hong, F., , 2013. E²DTS: an energy efficiency distributed time synchronization algorithm for underwater acoustic mobile sensor networks. Ad Hoc Netw., 11(4): 1372-1380. [

[8] Liu, J., Wang, Z., Zuba, M., , 2012. JSL: joint time synchronization and localization design with stratification compensation in mobile underwater sensor networks. Proc. 9th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conf. on Sensor, Mesh Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, p.317-325. [

[9] Liu, J., Zhou, Z., Peng, Z., , 2013. Mobi-Sync: efficient time synchronization for mobile underwater sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Parall. Distr. Syst., 24(2): 406-416. [

[10] Liu, L., Zhou, S., Cui, J.H., 2008. Prospects and problems of wireless communication for underwater sensor networks. Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput., 8(8): 977-994. [

[11] Luo, Y., Pu, L., Peng, Z., , 2012. CT-MAC: a MAC protocol for underwater MIMO based network uplink communications. Proc. 7th ACM Int. Conf. on Underwater Networks and Systems, p.23.1-23.8. [

[12] Molins, M., Stojanovic, M., 2006. Slotted FAMA: a MAC protocol for underwater acoustic networks. Proc. OCEANS, p.1-7. [

[13] Partan, J., Kurose, J., Levin, B.N., 2007. A survey of practical issues in underwater networks. ACM SIGMOBILE Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev., 11(4): 23-33. [

[14] Peleato, B., Stojanovic, M., 2007. Distance aware collision avoidance protocol for ad-hoc underwater acoustic sensor networks. IEEE Commun. Lett., 11(12): 1025-1027. [

[15] Roberts, L.G., 1975. ALOHA packet system with and without slots and capture. ACM SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev., 5(2): 28-42. [

[16] Sozer, E.M., Stojanovic, M., Proakis, J.G., 2000. Underwater acoustic networks. IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., 25(1): 72-83. [

[17] Tanenbaum, A.S., 2003. Computer Networks (4th Ed.). Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

[18] Xie, P., Cui, J.H., 2007. R-MAC: an energy-efficient MAC protocol for underwater sensor networks. Proc. Int. Conf. on Wireless Algorithms, Systems and Applications, p.187-198. [

[19] Xie, P., Zhou, Z., Peng, Z., , 2009. Aqua-Sim: an NS-2 based simulator for underwater sensor networks. Proc. OCEANS, p.1-7.

[20] Yang, J., Guo, P., Jiang, T., , 2012. SRCR: a novel MAC protocol for underwater acoustic networks with concurrent reservation. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications, p.435-439. [