Anticancer Mechanisms of Indigenous Food Plants in Nigeria

Adeoye Bayo Olufunso; Adeyemi Funmilayo Elizabeth; Bolade Damilola Comfort; Oyeleke Ibukun Oyebimpe; Oyerinde Ayodeji Michael; Fadeyi Blessing; Olatinwo Goodness Olusayo; Ukangwa Ngozi Angela; Adeshina Halliyah Celine; Onyeyiriuche Chinecherem Chibundo; Aanu-Bakare Grace Olajumoke; Adeoye Ayodeji David; Akano Oyedayo Phillips; Adelakin Lola Adeola; Achor Cornilluis Bangsi; Ajaere Sandra Onyinyechi; Osundina Oluwaseun Babatunde; Olatinwo Mercy Olajoju; Adebayo Barakat Temitope; Olanrewaju Okikiola Olamide

doi:10.14218/FIM.2024.00042

›› 2025, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (1) : 52 -61. DOI: 10.14218/FIM.2024.00042

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Anticancer Mechanisms of Indigenous Food Plants in Nigeria

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¹ Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

² Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

³ Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA), Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

⁴ Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

⁵ Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

⁶ Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

⁷ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria

⁸ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

⁹ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria

^*Adeoye Bayo Olufunso, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State 121103, Nigeria. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5748-7708. Tel: +234-7067813783, E-mail: adeoyeba@babcock.edu.ng; adeoye.ilemobayo@gmail.com

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Abstract

Cancer continues to pose a substantial public health problem in Nigeria, characterized by rising rates of occurrence and mortality. While there is increasing interest in using natural products for cancer treatment, comprehensive data on the specific bioactive compounds in these plants and how they modulate different types of cancer are still lacking. Additionally, although traditional knowledge about these food plants is rich and valuable, it has not been fully integrated with modern scientific research to create standardized treatment protocols. Scientific databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate were explored to retrieve empirical data. The key plants discussed are Spondias mombin, Xanthosoma sagittifolium, Elaeis guineensis, Irvingia gabonensis, Allium cepa, Blighia sapida, Dioscorea dumetorum, Psidium guajava, and Talinum triangulare. These plants demonstrate a wide range of anticancer properties, including the ability to induce apoptosis (cell death), halt the cell cycle, inhibit angiogenesis, and regulate inflammatory responses. They contain a variety of phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and organosulfur compounds, which contribute to their anticancer effects. For example, Spondias mombin contains flavonoids that inhibit the formation of tumors, whereas Xanthosoma sagittifolium exhibits cytotoxic effects against leukemia cells. Additionally, Elaeis guineensis exhibits antioxidant properties that counteract oxidative stress, a crucial factor in cancer progression. This review highlights the significance of these plants in developing complementary cancer therapies that can be used alongside conventional treatments. By combining traditional knowledge with contemporary scientific methods, these medicinal plants have the potential to provide innovative approaches to cancer prevention and treatment, addressing the pressing demand for safer and more efficient therapeutic alternatives.

Keywords

Cancer / Xanthosoma sagittifolium / Spondias mombin / Irvingia gabonensis / Allium cepa / Psidium guajava / Gallotannin / Diosgenin

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Adeoye Bayo Olufunso, Adeyemi Funmilayo Elizabeth, Bolade Damilola Comfort, Oyeleke Ibukun Oyebimpe, Oyerinde Ayodeji Michael, Fadeyi Blessing, Olatinwo Goodness Olusayo, Ukangwa Ngozi Angela, Adeshina Halliyah Celine, Onyeyiriuche Chinecherem Chibundo, Aanu-Bakare Grace Olajumoke, Adeoye Ayodeji David, Akano Oyedayo Phillips, Adelakin Lola Adeola, Achor Cornilluis Bangsi, Ajaere Sandra Onyinyechi, Osundina Oluwaseun Babatunde, Olatinwo Mercy Olajoju, Adebayo Barakat Temitope, Olanrewaju Okikiola Olamide. Anticancer Mechanisms of Indigenous Food Plants in Nigeria. , 2025, 4(1): 52-61 DOI:10.14218/FIM.2024.00042

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