Mitochondria are the main cell organelles responsible for adenosine triphosphate production through cellular respiration. They also have roles in regulating other cellular processes, including reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and others. The function and number of mitochondria are important for the maintenance of bone homeostasis. In recent years, the regulation of bone homeostasis by mitochondria has attracted particular interest. In addition, some natural compounds have been demonstrated to modulate mitochondria functions, such as resveratrol, quercetin, and curcumin, etc. Here, we review the recent discoveries concerning mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and bone formation, as well as the effects of some natural compounds (resveratrol, quercetin, and curcumin) on oxidative phosphorylation, and discuss their therapeutic implications in treating bone disorders.
Acknowledgments
There is nothing to declare.
Funding
This study received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sector.
Conflict of interest
LLX has been an editorial board member of Future Integrative Medicine since November 2022. The authors declare no other con-flict of interests related to this publication.
Author contributions
Wrote the draft (MLD, QQZ), conceived the original idea, and contributed to the final version of the manuscript (LLX).
| [1] |
Wallace DC. A mitochondrial paradigm of metabolic and degen-erative diseases, aging, and cancer: a dawn for evolutionary medi-cine. Annu Rev Genet 2005; 39:359-407. doi:10.1146/annurev.gen-et.39.110304.095751,PMID:16285865.
|
| [2] |
Feldenberg LR, Thevananther S, del Rio M, de Leon M, Devarajan P. Partial ATP depletion induces Fas- and caspase-mediated apoptosis in MDCK cells. Am J Physiol 1999; 276(6):F837-F846. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.1999.276.6.F837, PMID:10362772.
|
| [3] |
Yi CH, Pan H, Seebacher J, Jang IH, Hyberts SG, Heffron GJ, et al. Metabolic regulation of protein N-alpha-acetylation by Bcl-xL pro-motes cell survival. Cell 2011; 146(4):607-620. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.06.050,PMID:21854985.
|
| [4] |
Hiraoka H, Nakano T, Kuwana S, Fukuzawa M, Hirano Y, Ueda M, et al. Intracellular ATP levels influence cell fates in Dictyostelium discoi-deum differentiation. Genes Cells 2020; 25(5):312-326. doi:10.1111/gtc.12763,PMID:32125743.
|
| [5] |
Schapira AH. Primary and secondary defects of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. J Inherit Metab Dis 2002; 25(3):207-214. doi:10.1023/a:1015629912477,PMID:12137229.
|
| [6] |
Wang HW, Zhang Y, Tan PP, Jia LS, Chen Y, Zhou BH. Mitochondrial res-piratory chain dysfunction mediated by ROS is a primary point of flu-oride-induced damage in Hepa1-6 cells. Environ Pollut 2019; 255(Pt 3):113359. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113359,PMID:31614248.
|
| [7] |
Leonard JV, Schapira AH. Mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders I: mitochondrial DNA defects. Lancet 2000;355(9200):299-304. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)05225-3, PMID:10675086.
|
| [8] |
Meyers DE, Basha HI, Koenig MK. Mitochondrial cardiomyopa-thy: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Tex Heart Inst J 2013; 40(4):385-394. PMID:24082366.
|
| [9] |
Ravera S, Vaccaro D, Cuccarolo P, Columbaro M, Capanni C, Bartolucci M, et al. Mitochondrial respiratory chain Complex I defects in Fanco-ni anemia complementation group A. Biochimie 2013; 95(10):1828-1837. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2013.06.006,PMID:23791750.
|
| [10] |
Jarrett SG, Lewin AS, Boulton ME. The importance of mitochon-dria in age-related and inherited eye disorders. Ophthalmic Res 2010; 44(3):179-190. doi:10.1159/000316480,PMID:20829642.
|
| [11] |
Vlaikou AM, Nussbaumer M, Komini C, Lambrianidou A, Konidaris C, Trangas T, et al. Exploring the crosstalk of glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism in psychiatric disorders and brain tumours. Eur J Neuro-sci 2021; 53(9):3002-3018. doi:10.1111/ejn.15057,PMID:33226682.
|
| [12] |
Downey PA, Siegel MI. Bone biology and the clinical implications for osteoporosis. Phys Ther 2006; 86(1):77-91. doi:10.1093/ptj/86.1.77,PMID:16386064.
|
| [13] |
Kim J, Adachi T. Cell-fate decision of mesenchymal stem cells to-ward osteocyte differentiation is committed by spheroid culture. Sci Rep 2021; 11(1):13204. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-92607-z,PMID:34168224.
|
| [14] |
Khotib J, Marhaeny HD, Miatmoko A, Budiatin AS, Ardianto C, Rah-madi M, et al. Differentiation of osteoblasts: the links between es-sential transcription factors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41(19):10257-10276. doi:10.1080/07391102.2022.2148749,PMID:36420663.
|
| [15] |
Xu L, Liu Y, Sun Y, Wang B, Xiong Y, Lin W, et al. Tissue source de-termines the differentiation potentials of mesenchymal stem cells: a comparative study of human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8(1):275. doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0716-x,PMID:29208029.
|
| [16] |
Wang S, Deng Z, Ma Y, Jin J, Qi F, Li S, et al. The role of au-tophagy and mitophagy in bone metabolic disorders. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16(14):2675-2691. doi:10.7150/ijbs.46627,PMID:32792864.
|
| [17] |
Aoki S, Shimizu K, Ito K. Autophagy-dependent mitochondrial function regulates osteoclast differentiation and maturation. Bio-chem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527(4):874-880. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.155, PMID:32430180.
|
| [18] |
Park-Min KH. Metabolic reprogramming in osteoclasts. Semin Im-munopathol 2019; 41(5):565-572. doi:10.1007/s00281-019-00757-0,PMID:31552471.
|
| [19] |
Da W, Tao L, Zhu Y. The role of osteoclast energy metabolism in the oc-currence and development of osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Laus-anne) 2021;12:675385. doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.675385,PMID:34054735.
|
| [20] |
Tanaka Y, Nakayamada S, Okada Y. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone remodeling and inflammation. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Aller-gy 2005; 4(3):325-328. doi:10.2174/1568010054022015,PMID:16101541.
|
| [21] |
Kim JM, Lin C, Stavre Z, Greenblatt MB, Shim JH. Osteoblast-oste-oclast communication and bone homeostasis. Cells 2020; 9(9):2073. doi:10.3390/cells9092073,PMID:32927921.
|
| [22] |
Larsson NG. Somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations in mammalian aging. Annu Rev Biochem 2010; 79:683-706. doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-060408-093701,PMID:20350166.
|
| [23] |
Hayashi J, Ohta S, Kikuchi A, Takemitsu M, Goto Y, Nonaka I. Intro-duction of disease-related mitochondrial DNA deletions into HeLa cells lacking mitochondrial DNA results in mitochondrial dysfunction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88(23):10614-10618. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.23.10614,PMID:1720544.
|
| [24] |
Langdahl JH, Frederiksen AL, Hansen SJ, Andersen PH, Yderstraede KB, Dunø M, et al. 3243A>G as-sociates with lower bone mineral density, thinner cortices, and reduced bone strength: a case-control study. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32(10):2041-2048. doi:10.1002/jbmr.3193,PMID:28603900.
|
| [25] |
Miyazaki T, Iwasawa M, Nakashima T, Mori S, Shigemoto K, Nakamu-ra H, et al. Intracellular and extracellular ATP coordinately regulate the inverse correlation between osteoclast survival and bone re-sorption. J Biol Chem 2012; 287(45):37808-37823. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112.385369,PMID:22988253.
|
| [26] |
Dobson PF, Dennis EP, Hipps D, Reeve A, Laude A, Bradshaw C, et al. Mi-tochondrial dysfunction impairs osteogenesis, increases osteoclast ac-tivity, and accelerates age related bone loss. Sci Rep 2020; 10(1):11643. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68566-2,PMID:32669663.
|
| [27] |
Kobayashi K, Nojiri H, Saita Y, Morikawa D, Ozawa Y, Watanabe K, et al. Mitochondrial superoxide in osteocytes perturbs canalicular net-works in the setting of age-related osteoporosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9148. doi:10.1038/srep09148,PMID:25779629.
|
| [28] |
Skladal D, Halliday J, Thorburn DR. Minimum birth prevalence of mi-tochondrial respiratory chain disorders in children. Brain 2003;126( Pt 8):1905-1912. doi:10.1093/brain/awg170,PMID:12805096.
|
| [29] |
Shin B, Benavides GA, Geng J, Koralov SB, Hu H, Darley-Usmar VM, et al. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation regulates the fate decision between pathogenic Th17 and regulatory T cells. Cell Rep 2020; 30(6):1898-1909.e4. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.022,PMID:32049019.
|
| [30] |
Wanet A, Arnould T, Najimi M, Renard P. Connecting mitochondria, metabolism, and stem cell fate. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24(17):1957-1971. doi:10.1089/scd.2015.0117,PMID:26134242.
|
| [31] |
Tatapudy S, Aloisio F, Barber D, Nystul T. Cell fate decisions: emerg-ing roles for metabolic signals and cell morphology. EMBO Rep 2017; 18(12):2105-2118. doi:10.15252/embr.201744816,PMID:29158350.
|
| [32] |
Chen CT, Shih YR, Kuo TK, Lee OK, Wei YH. Coordinated changes of mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant enzymes during osteo-genic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells 2008; 26(4):960-968. doi:10.1634/stemcells.2007-0509,PMID:18218821.
|
| [33] |
Shum LC, White NS, Mills BN, Bentley KL, Eliseev RA. Energy metabo-lism in mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25(2):114-122. doi:10.1089/scd.2015.0193,PMID:26487485.
|
| [34] |
Forni MF, Peloggia J, Trudeau K, Shirihai O, Kowaltowski AJ. Murine mesenchymal stem cell commitment to differentiation is regu-lated by mitochondrial dynamics. Stem Cells 2016; 34(3):743-755. doi:10.1002/stem.2248,PMID:26638184.
|
| [35] |
Shares BH, Busch M, White N, Shum L, Eliseev RA. Active mitochon-dria support osteogenic differentiation by stimulating β-catenin acetylation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293(41):16019-16027. doi:10.1074/jbc.RA118.004102,PMID:30150300.
|
| [36] |
Lin S, Yin S, Shi J, Yang G, Wen X, Zhang W, et al. Orchestration of energy metabolism and osteogenesis by Mg(2+) facilitates low-dose BMP-2-driven regeneration. Bioact Mater 2022; 18:116-127. doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.024,PMID:35387176.
|
| [37] |
Cantó C, Menzies KJ, Auwerx J. NAD(+) Metabolism and the con-trol of energy homeostasis: a balancing act between mitochon-dria and the nucleus. Cell Metab 2015; 22(1):31-53. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.05.023, PMID:26118927.
|
| [38] |
Song J, Li J, Yang F, Ning G, Zhen L, Wu L, et al. Nicotinamide mono-nucleotide promotes osteogenesis and reduces adipogenesis by regulating mesenchymal stromal cells via the SIRT1 pathway in aged bone marrow. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10(5):336. doi:10.1038/s41419-019-1569-2,PMID:31000692.
|
| [39] |
Li B, Shi Y, Liu M, Wu F, Hu X, Yu F, et al. Attenuates of NAD(+) im-pair BMSC osteogenesis and fracture repair through OXPHOS. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13(1):77. doi:10.1186/s13287-022-02748-9,PMID:35193674.
|
| [40] |
Gomes AP, Price NL, Ling AJ, Moslehi JJ, Montgomery MK, Rajman L, et al. Declining NAD(+) induces a pseudohypoxic state disrupting nuclear-mitochondrial communication during aging. Cell 2013; 155(7):1624-1638. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.11.037,PMID:24360282.
|
| [41] |
Sahin E, Colla S, Liesa M, Moslehi J, Müller FL, Guo M, et al. Tel-omere dysfunction induces metabolic and mitochondrial compro-mise. Nature 2011; 470(7334):359-365. doi:10.1038/nature09787,PMID:21307849.
|
| [42] |
Sahin E, Depinho RA. Linking functional decline of telomeres, mito-chondria and stem cells during ageing. Nature 2010; 464(7288):520-528. doi:10.1038/nature08982,PMID:20336134.
|
| [43] |
Mills KF, Yoshida S, Stein LR, Grozio A, Kubota S, Sasaki Y, et al. Long-term administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide mitigates age-associated physiological decline in mice. Cell Metab 2016; 24(6):795-806. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.09.013, PMID:28068222.
|
| [44] |
Lu Z, Jiang L, Lesani P, Zhang W, Li N, Luo D, et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide alleviates osteoblast senescence induction and promotes bone healing in osteoporotic mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78(2):186-194. doi:10.1093/gerona/glac175,PMID:36037105.
|
| [45] |
Guo Y, Chi X, Wang Y, Heng BC, Wei Y, Zhang X, et al. Mitochondria transfer enhances proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differen-tiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell and promotes bone defect healing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11(1):245. doi:10.1186/s13287-020-01704-9,PMID:32586355.
|
| [46] |
Suh J, Kim NK, Shim W, Lee SH, Kim HJ, Moon E, et al. Mitochondrial fragmentation and donut formation enhance mitochondrial secre-tion to promote osteogenesis. Cell Metab 2023; 35(2):345-360.e7. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2023.01.003,PMID:36754021.
|
| [47] |
Ludin A, Gur-Cohen S, Golan K, Kaufmann KB, Itkin T, Medaglia C, et al. Reactive oxygen species regulate hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal, migration and development, as well as their bone marrow microenvironment. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21(11):1605-1619. doi:10.1089/ars.2014.5941,PMID:24762207.
|
| [48] |
Schulz TJ, Zarse K, Voigt A, Urban N, Birringer M, Ristow M. Glu-cose restriction extends Caenorhabditis elegans life span by in-ducing mitochondrial respiration and increasing oxidative stress. Cell Metab 2007; 6(4):280-293. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.08.011,PMID:17908557.
|
| [49] |
Pan Y, Schroeder EA, Ocampo A, Barrientos A, Shadel GS. Regulation of yeast chronological life span by TORC1 via adaptive mitochon-drial ROS signaling. Cell Metab 2011; 13(6):668-678. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.03.018, PMID:21641548.
|
| [50] |
Picard M, Shirihai OS, Gentil BJ, Burelle Y. Mitochondrial morphol-ogy transitions and functions: implications for retrograde signaling? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 304(6):R393-R406. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00584.2012, PMID:23364527.
|
| [51] |
Jeong SG, Cho GW. Endogenous ROS levels are increased in replica-tive senescence in human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460(4):971-976. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.136, PMID:25839657.
|
| [52] |
Mody N, Parhami F, Sarafian TA, Demer LL. Oxidative stress modulates osteoblastic differentiation of vascular and bone cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2001;31(4):509-519. doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00610-4, PMID:11498284.
|
| [53] |
Nugud A, Sandeep D, El-Serafi AT. Two faces of the coin: Minireview for dissecting the role of reactive oxygen species in stem cell potency and lineage commitment. J Adv Res 2018; 14:73-79. doi:10.1016/j.jare.2018.05.012, PMID:30023134.
|
| [54] |
Higuchi M, Dusting GJ, Peshavariya H, Jiang F, Hsiao ST, Chan EC, et al. Differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into fat involves reactive oxygen species and Forkhead box O1 mediated upregula-tion of antioxidant enzymes. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22(6):878-888. doi:10.1089/scd.2012.0306,PMID:23025577.
|
| [55] |
Mohamad S, Shuid AN, Mokhtar SA, Abdullah S, Soelaiman IN. Tocot-rienol supplementation improves late-phase fracture healing com-pared to alpha-tocopherol in a rat model of postmenopausal osteo-porosis: a biomechanical evaluation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012; 2012:372878. doi:10.1155/2012/372878,PMID:22829855.
|
| [56] |
Li X, Li B, Shi Y, Wang C, Ye L. Targeting reactive oxygen species in stem cells for bone therapy. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26(5):1226-1244. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.002,PMID:33684524.
|
| [57] |
Chen L, Wang G, Wang Q, Liu Q, Sun Q, Chen L. N-acetylcysteine prevents orchiectomy-induced osteoporosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and osteocyte senescence. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11(7):4337-4347. PMID:31396339.
|
| [58] |
Raffaele M, Barbagallo I, Licari M, Carota G, Sferrazzo G, Spam-pinato M, et al. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) ameliorates lipid-related metabolic dysfunction in bone marrow stromal cells-derived adipo-cytes. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2018; 2018:5310961. doi:10.1155/2018/5310961,PMID:30416532.
|
| [59] |
Lang DR, Racker E. Effects of quercetin and F 1 inhibitor on mitochon-drial ATPase and energy-linked reactions in submitochondrial parti-cles. Biochim Biophys Acta 1974;333(2):180-186. doi:10.1016/0005-2728(74)90002-4, PMID:19400030.
|
| [60] |
Ortega R, García N. The flavonoid quercetin induces changes in mito-chondrial permeability by inhibiting adenine nucleotide translocase. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2009; 41(1):41-47. doi:10.1007/s10863-009-9198-6,PMID:19296209.
|
| [61] |
Dorta DJ, Pigoso AA, Mingatto FE, Rodrigues T, Prado IM, Helena AF, et al. The interaction of flavonoids with mitochondria: effects on energetic processes. Chem Biol Interact 2005; 152(2-3):67-78. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2005.02.004,PMID:15840381.
|
| [62] |
Wang WW, Han R, He HJ, Li J, Chen SY, Gu Y, et al. Administration of quercetin improves mitochondria quality control and protects the neurons in 6-OHDA-lesioned Parkinson’s disease models. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13(8):11738-11751. doi:10.18632/aging.202868,PMID:33878030.
|
| [63] |
Qiu L, Luo Y, Chen X. Quercetin attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction and biogenesis via upregulated AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway in OA rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1585-1591. doi:10.1016/j.bi-opha.2018.05.003,PMID:29864946.
|
| [64] |
Fukaya M, Sato Y, Kondo S, Adachi SI, Yoshizawa F, Sato Y. Querce-tin enhances fatty acid β-oxidation by inducing lipophagy in AML12 hepatocytes. Heliyon 2021; 7(6):e07324. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07324,PMID:34195429.
|
| [65] |
Wong SK, Chin KY, Ima-Nirwana S. Quercetin as an agent for pro-tecting the bone: a review of the current evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21(17):6448. doi:10.3390/ijms21176448,PMID:32899435.
|
| [66] |
Yamaguchi M, Weitzmann MN. Quercetin, a potent suppres-sor of NF-κB and Smad activation in osteoblasts. Int J Mol Med 2011; 28(4):521-525. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2011.749,PMID:21769418.
|
| [67] |
Wong RW, Rabie AB. Effect of quercetin on bone formation. J Orthop Res 2008; 26(8):1061-1066. doi:10.1002/jor.20638,PMID:18383168.
|
| [68] |
Ji LL, Sheng YC, Zheng ZY, Shi L, Wang ZT. The involvement of p62-Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidative signaling pathway and JNK in the protec-tion of natural flavonoid quercetin against hepatotoxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 85:12-23. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.035,PMID:25881548.
|
| [69] |
Pang XG, Cong Y, Bao NR, Li YG, Zhao JN. Quercetin stimulates bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation through an estrogen receptor-mediated pathway. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018:4178021. doi:10.1155/2018/4178021,PMID:29736392.
|
| [70] |
Baur JA, Sinclair DA. Therapeutic potential of resveratrol: the in vivo evidence. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006; 5(6):493-506. doi:10.1038/nrd2060,PMID:16732220.
|
| [71] |
Lagouge M, Argmann C, Gerhart-Hines Z, Meziane H, Lerin C, Daus-sin F, et al. Resveratrol improves mitochondrial function and pro-tects against metabolic disease by activating SIRT1 and PGC-1al-pha. Cell 2006; 127(6):1109-1122. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.11.013,PMID:17112576.
|
| [72] |
Lerin C, Rodgers JT, Kalume DE, Kim SH, Pandey A, Puigserver P. GCN5 acetyltransferase complex controls glucose metabolism through transcriptional repression of PGC-1alpha. Cell Metab 2006; 3(6):429-438. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.04.013,PMID:16753578.
|
| [73] |
Koo SH, Montminy M. In vino veritas: a tale of two sirt1s? Cell 2006; 127(6):1091-1093. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.11.034,PMID:17174885.
|
| [74] |
Lv YJ, Yang Y, Sui BD, Hu CH, Zhao P, Liao L, et al. Resveratrol coun-teracts bone loss via mitofilin-mediated osteogenic improvement of mesenchymal stem cells in senescence-accelerated mice. Theranostics 2018; 8(9):2387-2406. doi:10.7150/thno.23620,PMID:29721087.
|
| [75] |
De Paepe B, Vandemeulebroecke K, Smet J, Vanlander A, Seneca S, Lissens W, et al. Effect of resveratrol on cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with oxidative phosphorylation defects. Phytother Res 2014; 28(2):312-316. doi:10.1002/ptr.4988,PMID:23620374.
|
| [76] |
Moon DK, Kim BG, Lee AR, In Choe Y, Khan I, Moon KM, et al. Resvera-trol can enhance osteogenic differentiation and mitochondrial bio-genesis from human periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15(1):203. doi:10.1186/s13018-020-01684-9,PMID:32493422.
|
| [77] |
Feng YL, Jiang XT, Ma FF, Han J, Tang XL. Resveratrol prevents osteo-porosis by upregulating FoxO1 transcriptional activity. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41(1):202-212. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2017.3208,PMID:29115382.
|
| [78] |
Tresguerres IF, Tamimi F, Eimar H, Barralet J, Torres J, Blanco L, et al. Resveratrol as anti-aging therapy for age-related bone loss. Re-juvenation Res 2014; 17(5):439-45. doi:10.1089/rej.2014.1551,PMID:24956408.
|
| [79] |
Asis M, Hemmati N, Moradi S, Nagulapalli Venkata KC, Mohammadi E, Farzaei MH, et al. Effects of resveratrol supplementation on bone biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1457(1):92-103. doi:10.1111/nyas.14226,PMID:31490554.
|
| [80] |
Jardim FR, de Rossi FT, Nascimento MX, da Silva Barros RG, Borges PA, Prescilio IC, et al. Resveratrol and Brain Mitochondria: a Re-view. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55(3):2085-2101. doi:10.1007/s12035-017-0448-z,PMID:28283884.
|
| [81] |
Rodríguez-Enríquez S, Pacheco-Velázquez SC, Marín-Hernández Á, Gallardo-Pérez JC, Robledo-Cadena DX, Hernández-Reséndiz I, et al. Resveratrol inhibits cancer cell proliferation by impairing oxidative phosphorylation and inducing oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 370:65-77. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2019.03.008,PMID:30878505.
|
| [82] |
Olivares-Marin IK, González-Hernández JC, Madrigal-Perez LA. Resveratrol cytotoxicity is energy-dependent. J Food Biochem 2019; 43(9):e13008. doi:10.1111/jfbc.13008,PMID:31385323.
|
| [83] |
Lim HW, Lim HY, Wong KP. Uncoupling of oxidative phosphoryla-tion by curcumin: implication of its cellular mechanism of action. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 389(1):187-192. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.08.121, PMID:19715674.
|
| [84] |
Sekiya M, Chiba E, Satoh M, Yamakoshi H, Iwabuchi Y, Futai M, et al. Strong inhibitory effects of curcumin and its demethoxy analog on Es-cherichia coli ATP synthase F1 sector. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 70:241-245. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.06.055, PMID:25010476.
|
| [85] |
Dai P, Mao Y, Sun X, Li X, Muhammad I, Gu W, et al. Attenuation of oxidative stress-induced osteoblast apoptosis by curcumin is asso-ciated with preservation of mitochondrial functions and increased Akt-GSK3β signaling. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41(2):661-677. doi:10.1159/000457945,PMID:28291961.
|
| [86] |
Li H, Yue L, Xu H, Li N, Li J, Zhang Z, et al. Curcumin suppresses os-teogenesis by inducing miR-126a-3p and subsequently suppressing the WNT/LRP 6 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11(17):6983-6998. doi:10.18632/aging.102232,PMID:31480018.
|
| [87] |
Tan L, Cao Z, Chen H, Xie Y, Yu L, Fu C, et al. Curcumin reduces apoptosis and promotes osteogenesis of human periodontal liga-ment stem cells under oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Life Sci 2021;270:119125. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119125,PMID:33513394.
|
| [88] |
Borcherding N, Jia W, Giwa R, Field RL, Moley JR, Kopecky BJ, et al. Dietary lipids inhibit mitochondria transfer to macrophages to divert adipocyte-derived mitochondria into the blood. Cell Me-tab 2022; 34(10):1499-1513.e8. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2022.08.010,PMID:36070756.
|
| [89] |
Brestoff JR, Wilen CB, Moley JR, Li Y, Zou W, Malvin NP, et al. Intercel-lular mitochondria transfer to macrophages regulates white adipose tis-sue homeostasis and is impaired in obesity. Cell Metab 2021; 33(2):270-282.e8. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2020.11.008,PMID:33278339.
|
PDF
