Background and objectives With the highest incidence rate and death rate among malignant tumors, lung cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor worldwide. Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging provides a basis for clinical therapy and prognosis while the fundamental principle of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the syndrome differentiation and treatment. This study offers an objective foundation for the distinction and classification of TCM syndromes by methodically assessing the relationship between TNM staging indicators and the various types of the syndrome in lung cancer.
Methods To find pertinent material, we searched a number of databases, including CNKI, PubMed, VIP, and Wanfang. Literature on the relationship between TCM syndrome categories and TNM staging indexes of lung cancer published from the database’s inception until May 2023 was gathered. The meta-analysis was carried out using Rev Man 5.4.
Results In the end, seven pieces of literature totaling 264 patients were included. Lung cancer is mainly characterized by phlegm dampness syndrome, Qi Yin deficiency syndrome, Yin deficiency internal heat syndrome, and Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome. In stage I and II, phlegm dampness syndrome > Yin deficiency internal heat syndrome (p < 0.5), phlegm dampness syndrome > Qi Yin deficiency syndrome (p < 0.5), phlegm dampness syndrome > Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome (p < 0.5). In stages III and IV, Qi Yin deficiency syndrome > Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome > Yin deficiency internal heat syndrome > phlegm dampness syndrome (p < 0.5).
Conclusion Phlegm dampness syndrome is the main syndrome in stages I and II of lung cancer, while Qi and Yin deficiency syndromes are the main syndromes in stages III and IV of lung cancer.
Acknowledgement
None.
Funding
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 81603412); Hebei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2019008); Hebei Province “Three Three Three Talent Project” funded project (Grant no. A202002008). General Projects for Improving Scientific Research Capacity of Hebei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Grant no. KTY2019009); Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hepatonephrosis in Hebei Province (Grant no. A201902); Hebei Graduate Innovation Funding Project (Grant nos. XCXZZSS2023017; XCXZZSS2023027).
Conflict of interest
DHL has been an editorial board member of Future Integrative Medicine since November 2021. The other authors report no conflict of interests in this work.
Authors’ contributions
DHL, HFF, JPZ, and XKL designed this research and were responsible for data preparation, writing, and revision of manuscripts; XHZ, HFF, LJZ, ML, and WLY were responsible for collecting data and translating the manuscript. The final manuscript has been read and approved by all authors.
Data sharing statements
The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
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