Cytoskeletal changes in diseases of the nervous system

Abstract

The neuronal cytoskeleton not only provides the structural backbone of neurons, but also plays a fundamental role in maintaining neuronal functions. Dysregulation of neuronal architecture is evident in both injury and diseases of the central nervous system. These changes often result in the disruption of protein trafficking, loss of synapses and the death of neurons, ultimately impacting on signal transmission and manifesting in the disease phenotype. Furthermore, mutations in cytoskeletal proteins have been implicated in numerous diseases and, in some cases, identified as the cause of the disease, highlighting the critical role of the cytoskeleton in disease pathology. This review focuses on the role of cytoskeletal proteins in the pathology of mental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and motor function deficits. In particular, we illustrate how cytoskeletal proteins can be directly linked to disease pathology and progression.

Key words： cytoskeleton; actin; microtubules; intermediate filaments; nervous system; disease

Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Anthony Kee for critical reading of the manuscript and for the support from Australian Research Council Discovery Project Grant 110102771.

Compliance with ethic guidelines

Alexandra K. Suchowerska and Thomas Fath declare that they have no conflict of interest.

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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