MINI-REVIEW

Oligodendrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases

  • Yingjun LIU ,
  • Jiawei ZHOU
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  • Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China

Received date: 20 Nov 2012

Accepted date: 13 Feb 2013

Published date: 01 Apr 2013

Copyright

2014 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Abstract

Oligodendrocyte is a highly specialized glial cell type in the vertebrate central nervous system, which guarantees the long-distance transmission of action potential by producing myelin sheath wrapping adjacent axons. Disrupted myelin and oligodendrocytes are hallmarks of some devastating neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, although their contribution to neurodegeneration in a given disease is still controversial. However, accumulating evidence from clinical studies and genetic animal models implicates oligodendrocyte dysfunction as one of major events in the processes of initiation and progression of neurodegeneration. In this article, we will review recent progress in understanding non-traditional function of oligodendrocytes in neuronal support and protection independent of myelin sheath and its possible contribution to neurodegeneration. Oligodendrocytes play a pivotal role in neurodegenerative diseases among which special emphasis is given to multiple system atrophy and Alzheimer’s disease in this review.

Cite this article

Yingjun LIU , Jiawei ZHOU . Oligodendrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases[J]. Frontiers in Biology, 2013 , 8(2) : 127 -133 . DOI: 10.1007/s11515-013-1260-4

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