RESEARCH ARTICLE

Community and hospital acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus efficiently retain the Van A determinant

  • Anup Kainthola , 1 ,
  • Ajay B. Bhatt 1 ,
  • Ashish Gupta 2
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  • 1. Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Botany & Microbiology, HNB Garhwal Central University, Uttarakhand 246174, India
  • 2. School of Biotechnology, Amity International University, NOIDA, UP, India

Received date: 03 Oct 2015

Accepted date: 02 Dec 2015

Published date: 26 Jan 2016

Copyright

2014 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Abstract

Dissemination of vancomycin resistance from hospital to community strains is a serious threat to public health. Our study aimed to provide evidence for transmission of Van A type resistance from the hospital to the community. Wild-type community and hospital associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were studied in vitro and in a model that mimicked a natural environment to ascertain their ability to acquire and maintain the vancomycin resistance determinant (Van A gene) from vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis. Fitness was assessed and the cost of Van A acquisition and retention was estimated. In vitro mating experiments were carried out using a filter mating technique and a model of a natural water body environment. Transfer of resistance was carried out in two different conditions: restricted and favorable. Transconjugants were confirmed by E test and PCR using specific primer sets. Growth kinetics and fitness measurements were done by spectrometric analysis. Using the in vitro filter mating technique, high transfer frequencies that ranged from 0.7 × 10–3(0.0006) to 3.1 × 10–4(0.00011) were recorded, with the highest transfer frequencies for CA MRSA (thermosensitively homogenous) (0.7 × 10–3), and 1.2 × 10–4 to 2.4 × 10–6 in the model. HA MRSA (homogenous) showed a greater capacity (3.6 × 10–4) to receive the Van A gene, while CA MRSA showed a reduced ability to maintain the gene after serial subcultures. CA and HA thermosensitively heterogeneous MRSA transconjugants exhibited higher growth rates. The present study provides evidence for the enhanced ability of CA and HA MRSA clones to acquire and maintain Van A type resistance.

Cite this article

Anup Kainthola , Ajay B. Bhatt , Ashish Gupta . Community and hospital acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus efficiently retain the Van A determinant[J]. Frontiers in Biology, 2015 , 10(6) : 520 -527 . DOI: 10.1007/s11515-015-1380-0

Acknowledgements

AK and ABB acknowledge the Ph.D. fellowship support provided by the University Grant Commission, New Delhi. AK thanks Preeti Ranawat (Ph.D. Scholar) and researchers at the laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, for assistance with experiments and in developing the environmental model. Thanks are due to Miss Poonam Silori for critically reviewing the manuscript.
None of the authors declare any conflicts.
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