Whey protein/pectin-coated W/O/W emulsion as stable vehicles for coloading phenolic compounds of Carya cathayensis Sarg. peels: encapsulation and molecular dynamic behavior

Abstract

In the present work, the whey protein/pectin complex was applied to construct a stable multiphase W/O/W emulsion to co-encapsulate phenolic compounds from Carya cathayensis Sarg. peels. The ratio of whey protein/pectin for the complex was optimized for better encapsulation efficiency and emulsion stability, and the ratio influence on complex structure, interface adsorption behavior, rheological properties of coated emulsion, and dynamic behavior of phenolics in inner water phase was also investigated. Results revealed that whey protein/pectin complex (at a ratio of 1:3) could form stronger gel-like network structures accounting for the highest absorption stability at the emulsion interface and larger initial particle size. The coated emulsion exhibited relatively higher viscosity, the highest storage stability, and encapsulation stability under heating process, with the highest encapsulation ratio of 93.1%. Furthermore, molecular dynamic behaviors and interactions of mainly phenolics from Carya cathayensis Sarg. peels in the inner water phase of emulsions were visualized and analyzed.

Keywords

Phenolics encapsulation / Multiphase emulsion / Carya cathayensis Sarg. / Stability / Molecular simulation

Author contributions

The authors confirm contribution to the paper as follows: study conception and design: Fu X, Xu Y, Luo Z; data collection: Du Y, Xiao G, Huang T; analysis and interpretation of results: Fu X, Jia Q, Xu Y, Yang X, Wang D, Wu M; draft manuscript preparation: Fu X, Du Y, Belwal T. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article, and its supplementary information files.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the support from the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (2023C02042), XPCC Guiding Science and Technology Plan Project (2023ZD086), Shihezi University High-Level Talents Research Initiation Project (RCZK202353), Open Project of Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education (XPRU202205), China.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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