A review of metro construction in China: Organization, market, cost, safety and schedule

Abstract

China is now in an era of large-scale metro construction. This paper reviews the nature of Chinese metro engineering with a specific focus on its organization and market mode, cost structure, safety control and schedule management. Then, an examination on recent research in metro engineering of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is also conducted, which indicates that information and automation based technologies are increasingly used in practice.

Keywords

metro engineering / construction status / construction challenges / NSFC

References

[1] Beijing Morning Post (2016). Beijing subway investment from 150 million km per kilometer cost rose to $1 billion 100 million. 2016-12-12 (in Chinese)

[2] Chen H, Yuan D, Wang F (2015). Research on safety control technology of metro shield tunneling under high speed rail in weak stratum. China Civil Engineering Journal, (s1): 256–260 (in Chinese)

[3] Chen J (2014). Introduction to Urban Rail Transit. Changsha: Central South University Press (in Chinese)

[4] Chen L (2006). PPP financing mode in construction of urban rail transit systems. China Municipal Engineering, (3): 60–63, 94 (in Chinese)

[5] Chen R (2005). Research on investment and financing mechanism of China’s subway. Dissertation for the Master’s Degree. Changsha: Central South University (in Chinese)

[6] Chen W, Long Z, Li J (2013). Research on real time dynamic monitoring of subway construction. Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2: 344–351 (in Chinese)

[7] China Urban Rail Transit Association (2016). Statistics and analysis of urban rail transit in 2015. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 29(4): 6–11 (in Chinese)

[8] Department of Transportation (2012). Introduction to Urban Rail Transit Management. Beijing: China Communications Press (in Chinese)

[9] Ding L, Guo S (2015). Study on big data-based behavior modification in metro construction. Frontiers of Engineering Management, 2(2): 131–136

[10] Ding L, Zhou C (2012). Research on automatic identification and early warning of subway construction safety risk in complex environment. Chinese Engineering Science, 12: 85–93 (in Chinese)

[11] Ding Z (2014). Study on influence of shield tunneling on adjacent buildings and deformation prediction. Dissertation for the Master’s Degree. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University (in Chinese)

[12] Ding Z, Liao Q, Shan X (2015). Large boulders formation of bored pile construction technology. Construction Technique, 44(23): 59–60 (in Chinese)

[13] Du J (2004). Research on Shenzhen metro construction project management. Dissertation for the Master’s Degree. Beijing: Tsinghua University (in Chinese)

[14] Du Y (2015). Study on land expropriation and demolition in Guangzhou Metro Construction. Dissertation for the Master’s Degree. Kunming: Yunnan University of Finance and Economics (in Chinese)

[15] Editorial Department of Chinese Journal of Highway (2015). A summary of the academic research on Chinese tunnel engineering 2015. Chinese Journal of Highway, 28(5): 1–65 (in Chinese)

[16] Gao Y (2010). Research on the project management of Dalian Metro. Dissertation for the Master’s Degree. Changchun: Jilin University (in Chinese)

[17] Ge L (2009). Some views on schedule management in engineering construction. Shanxi Architecture, 35(30): 201–202 (in Chinese)

[18] Gu M (2011). Present situation and prospect of urban rail transit in China. China Railway, 10: 53–54 (in Chinese)

[19] Guo S, Luo H, Kong L (2015). Content based safety training for subway construction workers. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 32(4): 53–58 (in Chinese)

[20] He C, Jiang Z, Liu C (2009). Construction technology of shallow buried tunnel. Municipal Technology, 27(3): 274–279 (in Chinese)

[21] He F (2004). On BOT and BT project investment. Tunnel Construction, 24(4): 68–69 (in Chinese)

[22] Hong K (2015). Development and prospect of tunnel and underground engineering in China. Tunnel Construction, 2: 95–107 (in Chinese)

[23] Huang D, Zhou Y, Dai S (2010). Construction technology of shield tunneling through historic buildings in Shanghai the Bund tunnel. Construction Technique, 9: 43–46 (in Chinese)

[24] Jin H, Liu Y, Zhong Q (2008). Current situation and prospect of urban rail transit safety risk management in China. China Survey, 2: 216–220 (in Chinese)

[25] Jin H, Zhang J, Wu F, Ren G (2014). Theory and Practice of Urban Rail Transit Engineering Monitoring. Beijing: China Building Industry Press (in Chinese)

[26] Li H, Bao L (2007). Shenyang metro project schedule control. Modern Urban Rail Transit, 3: 50–51 (in Chinese)

[27] Li L (2014). Study on the method of judging the safety degree of super large diameter shield passing through high risk pipeline and its measurement. Modern Tunnel Technology, 51(5): 134–138 (in Chinese)

[28] Li Q, Guo J, Liu C (2014). Construction risk management of Shenzhen Metro Line 5. Railway Engineering, 5: 47–49 (in Chinese)

[29] Li X (2011). Research on safety risk early warning index system of subway construction. Dissertation for the Master’s Degree. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology (in Chinese)

[30] Liu G, Du W (1997). Development and prospect of underground engineering construction technology in China. Building Technology, 7: 480–483 (in Chinese)

[31] Liu K D (2011). Research and Application of Security System for Urban Rail Transit System. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press (in Chinese)

[32] Liu L (2015). Study on financing mode of city subway construction—Taking Nanchang subway as a case. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Nanchang: Nanchang University (in Chinese)

[33] Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China (2015). Rail transit industry investment promotion report. 2017-3-1 (in Chinese)

[34] Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development of People’s Republic of China (2017). Accident Letters. 2017-2-8 (in Chinese)

[35] Qian Q, He Z (2004). The development of rail transit and the application of high and new technology. Railway Construction Technology, 1: 1–5 (in Chinese)

[36] Ren J, Li Q, Zheng Z (2014). Study on deformation law of ground surface and adjacent buildings induced by shield. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, (1): 69–74 (in Chinese)

[37] Song J (2013). Research on schedule management of rail transit construction project based on critical chain technology. Dissertation for the Master’s Degree. Zhengzhou: Henan University of Technology (in Chinese)

[38] Song J, Chen G (2015). Research on the main problems and countermeasures of investment and financing mode of China’s subway projects. Building Economy, 36(11): 29–32 (in Chinese)

[39] Song X (2001). The sustainable development of Shanghai rail transit. Urban Mass Transit, 4(4): 47–50 (in Chinese)

[40] Sun Y (2014). Exploration on engineering management practice of China’s high speed railways. Frontiers of Engineering Management, 1(3): 232–240

[41] Sun Y, Guan F (2012). Influence of shield tunneling on settlement of masonry structure buildings. China Railway Science, 33(4): 38–44 (in Chinese)

[42] Sureeyatanapas P, Yang J B, Bamford D (2014). Evaluation of corporate sustainability. Frontiers of Engineering Management, 1(2): 176–194

[43] Tao L, Li J, Wang G (2013). The application of CRD+ top support control technology in the project of closedown. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 30(7): 74–79 (in Chinese)

[44] Wang H, Cui T (2013). Analysis on influence of shield tunnel construction on underground pipeline. Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 9(2): 365–370 (in Chinese)

[45] Wang L (2016). Technical and Economic Indexes of Urban Rail Transit Project. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press (in Chinese)

[46] Wang M (2003). China is the world’s largest and most complex tunnel and underground engineering, the fastest growing country in the future. Railway Standard Design, 1: 1–4 (in Chinese)

[47] Wang Q (2005). Study on the application of PPP model in infrastructure construction in China. Dissertation for the Master’s Degree. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology (in Chinese)

[48] Wang M (2014). Present situation, existing problems and development ideas of shield tunneling machine in China. Tunnel Construction, 34(3): 179–187 (in Chinese)

[49] Wang T, Xu L, Zhao N (2016). Study on the influencing factors and the ways of the construction of subway station. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 5: 89–92, 115 (in Chinese)

[50] Wang W (2012a). Protection scheme of shield tunnel under the West to East Gas Pipeline. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 29(10): 70–74 (in Chinese)

[51] Wang X (2012b). Construction technology of special geological loess tunnel. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 29(3): 96–100 (in Chinese)

[52] Wang Y, Chen W, Zhang W (2013). Research on the construction of hierarchical monitoring index system for urban rail transit engineering. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 3: 97–102 (in Chinese)

[53] Wang Z, Wang M (2002). Influence of shield construction on surrounding buildings and its treatment measures. Chinese Journal of Safety Science, 2: 48–52 (in Chinese)

[54] Webb C, Gao L, Song L (2015). Schedule compression impact on construction project safety. Frontiers of Engineering Management, 2(4): 344–350

[55] Wei G, Hong J, Wei X (2012). Analysis of additional load on adjacent underground pipelines caused by double circular shield construction. Rock Soil Mechanics, 33(6): 783–790 (in Chinese)

[56] Wu X, Chen Y, Zhang L (2013). Study on safety monitoring and early warning management and evaluation criteria for metro construction. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 5: 107–111 (in Chinese)

[57] Wu T (1990). Grouting reinforcement technology. Exploration Engineering, 2: 49–55 (in Chinese)

[58] Xia Y (2000). Innovation of financing mode of metro line two project. Shanghai Urban Management, 5: 14–15 (in Chinese)

[59] Xiao M, Guo S, Yu Q (2015). Effect analysis of subway construction safety training based on graphic language. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 1: 59–64 (in Chinese)

[60] Xu J (2004). The application of freezing method in the construction of Shanghai subway connection passage. China Municipal Engineering, (5): 63–65 (in Chinese)

[61] Xu S, Luo H (2014). Worker behavior safety training system based on graphic language. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 3: 51–55, 77 (in Chinese)

[62] Xu Z, Han Q, Zheng G (2013). Measurement and analysis of the influence of metro tunnel on historic buildings. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2: 364–374 (in Chinese)

[63] Yan X, Ye Y, Zhang M (2012). Analysis on the influence of subway tunnel under existing railway bridge construction. Railway Engineering, 6: 84–85 (in Chinese)

[64] Yang K (2009). Study on the protection of ancient buildings in Xi’an subway construction. Dissertation for the Master’s Degree. Beijing: China University of Geosciences (in Chinese)

[65] Yang P, Yu C, Dong C (2003). Application of artificial freezing method in Nanjing subway station. Rock Soil Mechanics, S2: 388–391 (in Chinese)

[66] Yang W (2014). Study of sustainable urban rail transit development model in China. Frontiers of Engineering Management, 1(2): 195–201

[67] Yang X, Liu D, Zhang F (2010). Study on the stability of foundation pit support in open excavation method of subway tunnel. Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 6(3): 516–520 (in Chinese)

[68] Yang X, Wen K (2010). Construction technology of shield tunnel crossing historical relics. In: Key Technology Forum of Urban Rail Transit. Shanghai (in Chinese)

[69] Yao Y, Yang J, Wang Z (2013). The influence of foundation pit excavation on the deformation of tunnel and pipeline is analyzed. Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 9(S2): 2029–2033 (in Chinese)

[70] Yao Z, Wang H, Wang J (2006). New development of grouting reinforcement technology. Mining Engineering in China, 35(4): 31–34 (in Chinese)

[71] You L, Wang X, Gong Y (2012). Study on the foundation treatment technology of shield tunnel under new railway station. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 6: 104–108 (in Chinese)

[72] Yu J (2007). Reflections on the problems of land acquisition and demolition. Zhejiang Land and Resources, 11: 22–24 (in Chinese)

[73] Yuan J (2015). Analysis on the schedule management of metro engineering. Shanxi Architecture, 14: 245–246 (in Chinese)

[74] Zhai J (2009). Construction technology of expansive soil tunnel. Railway Construction Technology, (1): 149–151 (in Chinese)

[75] Zhan X, Liu H (2003). Project management and schedule control of Guangzhou Metro Line 2. Research on Urban Rail Transit, 6(6): 94–97 (in Chinese)

[76] Zhang J (2014a). Risk assessment method of metro shield tunnel based on Bayesian network. Research on Urban Rail Transit, 3: 30–34 (in Chinese)

[77] Zhang M, Liu X, Du Y (2013). Analysis of the influence of shield tunneling on adjacent buildings. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 39(2): 214–219 (in Chinese)

[78] Zhang Y (2014b). Research on PPP project management mode of Nanjing metro. Reform & Openning, 19: 90–92 (in Chinese)

[79] Zhang Y, Wang J, Lv S (2006). Research on the financing model of the 2 phase of Shenzhen metro line four. Construction Economics, 9: 19–22 (in Chinese)

[80] Zhang Y, Hui G, Su Y (2008). Construction technology of a special stratum of rock and sand and gravel in a shield section of Beijing Metro Line 4. Modern Tunnel Technology, (S1): 447–451 (in Chinese)

[81] Zhang Y (2009). Study on the management system and mechanism of Chinese metro. China Bidding, 5: 20–23 (in Chinese)

[82] Zhang Z, Zhang M (2013). Deformation prediction and construction control of earth pressure balance shield tunnel crossing tunnel in soft soil. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (S2): 3428–3439 (in Chinese)

[83] Zhao Q (2013). Construction technology of shield tunneling through ancient buildings. Urban Construction Theory, 12 (in Chinese)

[84] Zhou S, Rong J, Chen L (2013). A single large diameter double subway shield tunnel construction and monitoring. Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 9(2): 365–372 (in Chinese)

[85] Zhou W (2006). Study on the influence of Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel Construction on surrounding historic buildings. Dissertation for the Master’s Degree. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology (in Chinese)

[86] Zhou Y, Zhou C, Wang N (2011). Research and application of 4D schedule control system for subway project based on linear graph. China Civil Engineering Journal, (S1): 209–214 (in Chinese)

[87] Zhu G (2014). China’s engineering education: Situation & Outlook. Frontiers of Engineering Management, 1(1): 105–112

[88] Zhu H, Ding W, Qiao Y (2014a). The control system and its application of shield tunnel. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 11: 1983–1993 (in Chinese)

[89] Zhu H, Ding W, Qiao Y, Xie D (2014b). Micro-disturbed construction control technology system for shield driven tunnels and its application. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 36(11): 1983–1993 (in Chinese)

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

The Author(s) 2017. Published by Higher Education Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)