Industry perception of competencies for human–robot collaboration in the construction industry: A Delphi study

Abstract

Robots present an innovative solution to the construction industry’s challenges, including safety concerns, skilled worker shortages, and productivity issues. Successfully collaborating with robots requires new competencies to ensure safety, smooth interaction, and accelerated adoption of robotic technologies. However, limited research exists on the specific competencies needed for human–robot collaboration in construction. Moreover, the perspectives of construction industry professionals on these competencies remain underexplored. This study examines the perceptions of construction industry professionals regarding the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for the effective implementation of human–robot collaboration in construction. A two-round Delphi survey was conducted with expert panel members from the construction industry to assess their views on the competencies for human–robot collaboration. The results reveal that the most critical competencies include knowledge areas such as human–robot interface, construction robot applications, human–robot collaboration safety and standards, task planning and robot control system; skills such as task planning, safety management, technical expertise, human–robot interface, and communication; and abilities such as safety awareness, continuous learning, problem-solving, critical thinking, and spatial awareness. This study contributes to knowledge by identifying the most significant competencies for human–robot collaboration in construction and highlighting their relative importance. These competencies could inform the design of educational and training programs and facilitate the integration of robotic technologies in construction. The findings also provide a foundation for future research to further explore and enhance these competencies, ultimately supporting safer, more efficient, and more productive construction practices.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

industry perception / competencies / human–robot collaboration / construction industry / Delphi study / workforce development

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