Preparation of polymer nanoparticles, and the effect of nanoconfinement on glass transition, structural relaxation and crystallization

Abstract

In this review the preparation methods of polymer nanoparticles from chemical microemulsion polymerization to physical methods such as spray-drying, freeze-drying, freeze-extracting, fast evaporation and spreading evaporation have been summarized. The influence of nanoconfinement on glass transition temperature (T_g) variation from significant or slight decrease, no evident T_g deviation, to even T_g increase, as well as possible explanations of T_g deviations were discussed. The influences of nanoconfinement or entanglement on the other properties such as structural relaxation, crystallization in polymer nanoparticle samples were also reviewed in this article.

Keywords

confinement / nanoparticles / glass transition / structural relaxation / crystallization

References

[1] Moniruzzaman, M.; Winey, K. I., Macromolecules2006, 39, 5194–5205

[2] Mayer, A. C.; Scully, S. R.; Hardin, B. E.; Rowell, M. W.; McGehee, M. D., Mater. Today2007, 10, 28–33

[3] Feng, W.; Patel, S. H.; Young, M. Y.; Zunino, J. L.; Xanthos, M., Adv. Polym. Technol.2007, 26, 1–13

[4] Lin, Q., Properties of Photoresist Polymers, In Physical Properties of Polymers Handbook, Mark, J. E., Ed., Springer: New York, 2007, 965.

[5] Gindy, M. E.; Prud’homme, R. K., Expert Opin. Drug Deliv.2009, 6, 865–878

[6] Schönhals, A.; Stauga, R., J. Chem. Phys.1998, 108, 5130–5136

[7] Schönhals, A.; Goering, H.; Schick, C., J. Non-Cryst. Solids2002, 305, 140–149

[8] Schönhals, A.; Goering, H.; Schick, C.; Frick, B.; Zorn, R., Colloid Polym. Sci.2004, 282, 882–891

[9] Ash, B. J.; Siegel, R. W.; Schadler, L. S., Part B: Polym. Phys.2004, 42, 4371–4383

[10] Kropka, J. M.; Pryamitsyn, V.; Ganesan, V., Phys. Rev. Lett.2008, 101, 075702

[11] Schmidt, G.; Malwitz, M. M., Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci.2003, 8, 103–108

[12] Rharbi, Y., Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys.2008, 77, 031806

[13] Robertson, C. G.; Hogan, T. E.; Rackaitis, M.; Puskas, J. E.; Wang, X., J. Chem. Phys.2010, 132, 104904

[14] Keddie, J. L.; Jones, R. A. L.; Cory, R. A., Europhys. Lett.1994, 27, 59–64

[15] Keddie, J. L.; Jones, R. A. L.; Cory, R. A., Faraday Discuss.1994, 98, 219–230

[16] Orts, W. J.; Wu, W.; Satija, S. K., Phys. Rev. Lett.1993, 71, 867–870

[17] Fryer, D. S.; Nealey, P. F.; de Pablo, J., J. Macromolecules2000, 33, 6439–6447

[18] Priestley, R. D.; Broadbelt, L. J.; Torkelson, J. M.; Fukao, K., Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys.2007, 75, 061806

[19] Yang, Z.; Fujii, Y.; Lee, F. K.; Lam, C. H.; Tsui, O. K. C., Science2010, 328, 1676–1679

[20] Peter, S.; Meyer, H.; Baschnagel, J., Part B: Polym. Phys.2006, 44, 2951–2967

[21] Jackson, C. L.; Mckenna, G. B., J. Non-Cryst. Solids1991, 131, 221–224

[22] Arndt, M.; Stannarius, R.; Groothues, H.; Hempel, E.; Kremer, F., Phys. Rev. Lett.1997, 79, 2077–2080

[23] Huang, D.; Yang, Y.; Zhuang, G.; Li, B., Macromolecules1999, 32, 6675–6678

[24] Huang, D.; Yang, Y.; Zhuang, G.; Li, B., Macromolecules2000, 33, 461–464

[25] Li, L.; Li, B.; Chen, J.; Zhou, D.; Xue, G.; Liu, X., Polymer (Guildf.)2004, 45, 2813–2816

[26] Sasaki, T.; Yamauchi, N.; Irie, S.; Sakurai, K., Part B: Polym. Phys.2005, 43, 115–124

[27] de Gennes, P. G., Scaling Concepts in Polymer Physics, Cornell University Press: Ithaca, NY, 1979.

[28] Qian, R., In Macromolecules; Benoid, H., Rempp, R., Eds., Pergamon Press: Oxford, England, 1982,139.

[29] Antonietti, M.; Lohmann, S.; Niel, V. C., Macromolecules1992, 25, 1139–1143

[30] Qian, R.; Wu, L.; Shen, D.; Napper, D. H.; Mann, R. A.; Sangster, D. F., Macromolecules1993, 26, 2950–2953

[31] Ming, W.; Zhao, J.; Lu, X.; Wang, C.; Fu, S., Macromolecules1996, 29, 7678–7682

[32] Sasaki, T.; Shimizu, A.; Mourey, T. H.; Thurau, C. T.; Ediger, M. D., J. Chem. Phys.2003, 119, 8730–8735

[33] Rabelero, M.; Zacarias, M.; Mendizabal, E.; Puig, J. E.; Dominguez, J. M.; Katime, I., Polym. Bull.1997, 38, 695–700

[34] Gan, L. M.; Lee, K. C.; Chew, C. H.; Ng, S. C., Langmuir1996, 11, 449–454

[35] Pilcher, S. C.; Ford, W. T., Macromolecules1998, 31, 3454–3460

[36] Zhang, C.; Guo, Y.; Priestley, R. D., Macromolecules2011, 44, 4001–4006

[37] Guo, Y.; Zhang, C.; Lai, C.; Priestley, R. D.; Acunzi, M. D.; Fytas, G., ASC Nano2011, 5, 5365–5373

[38] Mi, Y.; Xue, G.; Lu, X., Macromolecules2003, 36, 7560–7566

[39] Mi, Y.; Xue, G.; Wang, X., Polymer (Guildf.)2002, 43, 6701–6705

[40] Lu, X.; Xue, G.; Mi, Y., J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2011, 119, 2310–2317

[41] Festag, R.; Alexandratos, S. D.; Cook, K. D.; Joy, D. C.; Annis, B.; Wunderlich, B., Macromolecules1997, 30, 6238–6242

[42] Yin, W.; Yang, H.; Cheng, R., Eur Phys J E Soft Matter2005, 17, 1–5

[43] Liu, C. Y.; Morawetz, H., Macromolecules1988, 21, 515–518

[44] Chang, L. P.; Morawetz, H., Macromolecules1987, 20, 428–431

[45] Zhou, D.; Li, L.; Li, Y.; Zhang, J.; Xue, G., Macromolecules2003, 36, 4609–4613

[46] Xiao, Z.; Sun, Q.; Xue, G.; Yuan, Z.; Dai, Q.; Hu, Y., Eur. Polym. J.2003, 39, 927–931

[47] Ji, G.; Xue, G.; Ma, J.; Dong, C.; Gu, X., Polymer (Guildf.)1996, 37, 3255–3258

[48] Ji, G.; Ni, H.; Wang, C.; Xue, G.; Liao, Y. T., Macromolecules1996, 29, 2691–2693

[49] Chen, J.; Zheng, G.; Xu, L.; Zhang, J.; Lu, Y.; Xue, G.; Yang, Y., Polymer (Guildf.)2001, 42, 4459–4462

[50] Kumaki, J., Macromolecules1986, 19, 2258–2263

[51] Kumaki, J., Macromolecules1988, 21, 749–755

[52] Kumaki, J., Polym. Phys.1990, 28, 105–111

[53] Alcoutlabi, M.; McKenna, G. B., J. Phys. Condens. Matter2005, 17, R461–R524

[54] Gaur, U.; Wunderlich, B., Macromolecules1980, 13, 1618–1625

[55] Ding, J.; Xue, G.; Dai, Q.; Cheng, R., Polymer (Guildf.)1993, 34, 3325–3327

[56] Xue, G.; Lu, Y.; Shi, G.; Dai, Q., Polymer (Guildf.)1994, 35, 892–894

[57] Bernazzani, P.; Simon, S. L.; Plazek, D. J.; Ngai, K. L., Eur Phys J E Soft Matter2002, 8, 201–207

[58] Simon, S. L.; Bernazzan, P. I.; McKenna, G. B., Polymer (Guildf.)2003, 44, 8025–8032

[59] Rong, W.; Fan, Z.; Yu, Y.; Bu, H.; Wang, M., Part B: Polym. Phys.2005, 43, 2243–2251

[60] Qian, R., Macromol. Symp.1997, 124, 15–26

[61] Dai, Q.; Lu, Y.; Xue, G.; Liao, Y. T., Polym. Bull.1995, 35, 209–214

[62] Carmesin, I.; Kremer, K., J. Phys.1990, 51, 915–932

[63] Brown, H. R.; Russell, T. P., Macromolecules1996, 29, 798–800

[64] Si, L.; Massa, M. V.; Dalnoki-Veress, K.; Brown, H. R.; Jones, R. A. L., Phys. Rev. Lett.2005, 94, 127801

[65] Tsui, O. K. C.; Zhang, H. F., Macromolecules2001, 34, 9139–9142

[66] Itagaki, H.; Nishimura, Y.; Sagisaka, E.; Grohens, Y., Langmuir2006, 22, 742–748

[67] Forrest, J. A.; Dalnoki-Veress, K.; Stevens, J. R.; Dutcher, J. R., Phys. Rev. Lett.1996, 77, 2002–2005

[68] Mattsson, J.; Forrest, J. A.; Borjesson, L., Phys. Rev. E Stat. Phys. Plasmas Fluids Relat. Interdiscip. Topics2000, 62, 5187–5200

[69] Rittigstein, P.; Priestley, R. D.; Broadbelt, L. J.; Torkelson, J. M., Nat. Mater.2007, 6, 278–282

[70] Napper, D. H., Abstracts of 35th IUPAC International Symposium on Macromolecules, Akron, OH, 1994, 786.

[71] Reiter, G., Macromolecules1994, 27, 3046–3052

[72] Wallace, W. E.; Beck Tan, N. C.; Wu, W. L.; Satija, S., J. Chem. Phys.1998, 108, 3798–3804

[73] Pouyet, G.; Kohler, A.; Dayantis, J., Macromolecules1981, 14, 1126–1128

[74] Wu, C.; Chan, K. K.; Woo, K. F.; Qian, R.; Li, X.; Chen, L.; Napper, D. H.; Tan, G.; Hill, A. J., Macromolecules1995, 28, 1592–1597

[75] McGrath, K. J.; Roland, C. M.; Weiss, R. G., Macromolecules1993, 26, 6127–6128

[76] Zheng, W.; Simon, S. L., Polymer (Guildf.)2006, 47, 3520–3527

[77] Chen, J.; Xue, G.; Li, Y.; Wang, L.; Tian, G., Macromolecules2001, 34, 1297–1301

[78] Sun, Q.; Zhou, D.; Wang, X.; Xue, G., Macromolecules2002, 35, 7089–7092

[79] Hodge, I. M., Macromolecules1987, 20, 2897–2908

[80] Gomez Ribelles, J. L.; Ribes Greus, A.; Diaz Calleja, R., Polymer (Guildf.)1990, 31, 223–230

[81] Cowie, J. M. G.; Furguson, R., Macromolecules1989, 22, 2307–2312

[82] Jiang, W.; Zuo, C.; Hu, J.; Gu, Q.; Chen, W.; Xue, G., Macromolecules2008, 41, 5356–5360

[83] Priestley, R. D.; Broadbelt, L. J.; Torkelson, J. M., Macromolecules2005, 38, 654–657

[84] Mukherji, D.; Muser, M. H., Macromolecules2007, 40, 1754–1762

[85] Koh, Y. P.; Simon, S. L., J. Polym. Sci., B, Polym. Phys.2008, 46, 2741–2753

[86] Pye, J. E.; Rohald, K. A.; Baker, E. A.; Roth, C. B., Macromolecules2010, 43, 8296–8303

[87] Xue, G.; Wang, Y.; Gu, X.; Lu, Y., Macromolecules1994, 27, 4016–4017

[88] Xue, G.; Wang, Y.; Liu, S.; Liao, Y. T., Macromolecules1995, 28, 4344–4346

[89] Bu, H.; Gu, F.; Bao, L.; Chen, M., Macromolecules1998, 31, 7108–7110

[90] Li, Y.; Xue, G., Polymer (Guildf.)1999, 40, 3165–3169

[91] Li, Y.; Xue, G., Macromolecules1999, 32, 3984–3988

[92] Sun, Q.; Fu, Q.; Xue, G.; Chen, W., Macromol. Rapid Commun.2001, 22, 1182–1185

[93] Chen, L.; Wang, Y.; Zhu, X.; Yan, D., Polym. Int.2004, 53, 131–135

[94] Ji, G.; Li, F.; Zhu, W.; Dai, Q.; Xue, G.; Gu, X., Part A1997, 34, 369–376

[95] Xue, G.; Wang, Y.; Liu, S.; Liao, Y. T., Macromolecules1995, 28, 3476–3478

[96] Wang, X.; Wang, Z.; Luo, K.; Huang, Y., Macromolecules2011, 44, 2844–2851

[97] Schönherr, H.; Frank, C. W., Macromolecules2003, 36, 1188–1198

[98] Hu, Z.; Huang, H.; Zhang, F.; Du, B.; He, T., Langmuir2004, 20, 3271–3277

[99] Wang, Y.; Ge, S.; Rafailovich, M.; Sokolov, J.; Zou, Y.; Ade, H.; Luening, J.; Lustiger, A.; Maron, G., Macromolecules2004, 37, 3319–3327

[100] Mareau, V. H.; Prud’homme, R. E., Macromolecules2005, 38, 398–408

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg