Advancing seed priming with algal extracts: A review of mechanistic roles in seed germination and plant growth

Abstract

Seed priming using natural biostimulants has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance germination, seedling vigor, and overall crop performance. Algal extracts - rich in phytohormones, antioxidants, osmoprotectants, and micronutrients - have gained attention for their multifaceted role in priming. This review explores the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms by which algal bioactive compounds influence early plant development. Phytohormones, such as auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins initiate metabolic activation, while antioxidants mitigate oxidative damage, improving seed resilience under stress. Simultaneously, essential nutrients support root and shoot development and enhance nutrient assimilation. These combined effects modulate key signaling cascades and gene expression patterns, promoting stronger and more adaptable seedlings. The findings of this work highlight the potential of algal extract-based seed priming as an eco-friendly, sustainable alternative to conventional chemical treatments, offering a natural approach to improving agricultural productivity.

Keywords

Algae / Plant growth / Seed priming / Sustainable agriculture