Solid-State Electrolytes Based on Polyimides for Lithium Batteries: Structures, Key Properties, Synthesis Methods and Applications

Wenzhan Zhang; Ting Xiong; Zhongchao Bai; Huakun Liu; Xiaolin Qiu

doi:10.1007/s41918-025-00267-8

Electrochemical Energy Reviews ›› 2025, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (1) :33 DOI: 10.1007/s41918-025-00267-8

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review-article

Solid-State Electrolytes Based on Polyimides for Lithium Batteries: Structures, Key Properties, Synthesis Methods and Applications

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¹Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China

²Graphene and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Nanchang Institute of Technology, 330044, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China

^a txiong@usst.edu.cn

Wenzhan Zhang

Wenzhan Zhang is a Ph.D. candidate currently pursuing his studies at the Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, China, under the guidance of Prof. Ting Xiong. In addition, he holds the position of associate professor at Nanchang Institute of Technology. He earned his M.S. degree from Huazhong University of Science and Technology. His research is centered on the exploration of new energy materials and devices.

Ting Xiong

Ting Xiong is a distinguished Professor in the Institute of Energy Materials Science at University of Shanghai for Science and Technology. She received her Ph.D. degree from the National University of Singapore. Her research focuses on new energy materials and devices, with expertise in advanced materials design for sustainable energy applications.

Zhongchao Bai

Zhongchao Bai is a Professor and Ph.D. supervisor at the Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology. He received his Ph.D. degree in Nanochemistry from Shandong University in 2012. His research focuses on the development of novel electrochemical energy storage materials and the investigation of their underlying electrochemical mechanisms.

Huakun Liu

Huakun Liu is a Chief Scientist and in charge of the research at the Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology since September 2022. She was a distinguished Professor (2014–2018 and 2019–2023) at Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), University of Wollongong (UOW). She was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Science and Engineering (ATSE) in 2013 and awarded the Doctor of Science by UOW in 2017. She was awarded the highly competitive Australian Research Council Australian Professorial Fellowships in 1994–1998, 1999–2003, 2003–2005, and 2006–2010. She received the University of Wollongong Vice-Chancellor’s Award for Research Excellence Senior Researcher in 2013 and Life Achievement Award by ASTS in 2018. Professor Liu is the founder of the internationally renowned energy materials program within the ISEM at UOW. Her group has made great contributions to Australia and the world in the energy storage materials area in all the world ranking schemes. She was awarded the order of Australia in 2022.

Xiaolin Qiu

Xiaolin Qiu is a professor and Chairman at Nanchang Institute of Technology. He formerly directed the Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Solar Photovoltaic Materials and earned his Ph.D. degree in Materials Science and Engineering from Huazhong University of Science and Technology. His research focuses on advanced carbon-based and energy-conversion materials, reflected in 100+ papers and 30+ issued patents. Among his distinctions are two Jiangxi Provincial Science-and-Technology Progress Awards (Second Prize) and one Nanchang Municipal Science-and-Technology Progress Award (Third Prize).

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Abstract

The rapid expansion of markets for new energy power generation systems, electric vehicles, and drones has driven a significant surge in the demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, traditional liquid-state LIBs face critical challenges, including a low energy density, significant safety risks, and a limited operational lifespan. Solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) have emerged as a promising solution, offering a higher energy density and improved safety, with their industrialization reliant on advancements in solid-state electrolytes (SSEs). Among these, polymer-based SSEs stand out for their lightweight, cost-effective, flexible, and easily processed nature, making them ideal for large-scale production. Notably, polyimide (PI) has gained significant attention as a leading candidate for polymer-based SSEs because of its excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability, flexibility, and flame retardancy. This review systematically examines the application of PI-based solid electrolytes (PISEs) for SSLBs, starting with their structural designs, material types, mechanisms, and key properties. It then delves into preparations, modification strategies, and advanced architectures while presenting application scenarios and performance metrics. Finally, this review highlights potential future directions for the development and optimization of PISEs for SSLBs. It will lay a solid theoretical foundation for the extensive research and application of PI in the field of SSEs and greatly promote the development of high-performance and high-security SSLBs.

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Keywords

Polyimide / Solid-state electrolytes / Properties / Structures / Solid-state lithium batteries

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Wenzhan Zhang, Ting Xiong, Zhongchao Bai, Huakun Liu, Xiaolin Qiu. Solid-State Electrolytes Based on Polyimides for Lithium Batteries: Structures, Key Properties, Synthesis Methods and Applications. Electrochemical Energy Reviews, 2025, 8(1): 33 DOI:10.1007/s41918-025-00267-8

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