Reframing the Corrosion Effects of Silicon Anode Failures: Moving Beyond the Mechanical Paradigm

Qinyi Zhan; Tianze Xu; Ziyun Zhao; Shuoyi Chen; Shichao Wu; Quan-Hong Yang

doi:10.1007/s41918-025-00260-1

Electrochemical Energy Reviews ›› 2025, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (1) :27 DOI: 10.1007/s41918-025-00260-1

Review Article

review-article

Reframing the Corrosion Effects of Silicon Anode Failures: Moving Beyond the Mechanical Paradigm

Qinyi Zhan ¹^,²^,³
, Tianze Xu ¹^,²
, Ziyun Zhao ¹^,⁴
, Shuoyi Chen ¹^,²^,³
, Shichao Wu ¹^,²^,³^,^a
, Quan-Hong Yang ¹^,²^,³^,^b

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¹Nanoyang Group, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Industry–Education Integration Platform of Energy Storage, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, 300072, Tianjin, China

²State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Low-Carbon Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China

³Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, 300192, Tianjin, China

⁴Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China

^a wushichao@tju.edu.cn

^b qhyangcn@tju.edu.cn

Qinyi Zhan

Qinyi Zhan obtained her bachelor’s degree in 2022 and her master’s degree in 2025 from the School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University. Her research primarily focuses on the micron-sized silicon anodes for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.

Tianze Xu

Tianze Xu is currently a Ph.D. student at the School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University. He received his bachelor’s degree from Tianjin University in 2019 and his master’s degree from Columbia University in 2021. His research focuses on the structural design of silicon-based anodes for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.

Ziyun Zhao

Ziyun Zhao is a postdoctoral fellow at the Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University. She earned her Ph.D. degree from Tianjin University in 2024 and her B.S. degree from Sichuan University in 2018. Her research focuses on silicon anodes and advanced composite electrolytes for high-energy-density solid-state lithium-ion batteries.

Shuoyi Chen

Shuoyi Chen graduated with a bachelor’s degree in applied chemistry from Hebei University of Technology in 2023 and is now pursuing a postgraduate degree at Tianjin University. His research focuses on the interfacial design of solid polymer electrolytes for lithium metal anodes.

Shichao Wu

Shichao Wu is now a professor at the School of Chemical Engineering and Technology at Tianjin University. He graduated from the University of Tsukuba in 2017 and joined Tianjin University in 2018. His research interests focus on different new energy batteries, including lithium-ion batteries, lithium-air batteries, and solid-state batteries.

Quan-Hong Yang

Quan-Hong Yang joined Tianjin University as a full professor in 2006 and was promoted to chair professor in 2016. His research interests are focused on functional carbon materials and low-dimensional materials for energy storage. Specifically, he has made significant advances in interfacial assembly of low-dimensional materials, volumetrically/charge compact energy storage, carbon design for advanced batteries, and catalysis in Li-S batteries.

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Abstract

High-capacity silicon (Si) is a promising material for manufacturing high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. However, its practical applicability is severely restricted by the rapid degradation in its cycle life and calendar life. Within the context of the established understanding, Si failures are typically attributed primarily to the notable volume expansion effects of this material. However, the crucial role of chemical corrosion (e.g., hydrofluoric acid-driven corrosion) is frequently underestimated, despite its significant impact on the stability of both Si itself and the solid electrolyte interphase. In this review, the mechanisms of corrosion-induced Si degradation and the limitations of the existing mitigation strategies are systematically examined. More importantly, a novel perspective is proposed, thereby emphasizing galvanic corrosion driven by cathode oxidants, transition metal ion dissolution, and carbon additives, as well as chemical–mechanical coupling failures induced by Si corrosion. Finally, we advocate for the use of advanced characterization techniques, theoretical simulations, and holistic approaches integrating cathode design, auxiliary material optimization, and electrolyte engineering to address coupled chemical–mechanical failures for advancing the practical deployment of Si-based batteries.

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Keywords

Chemical corrosion / Corrosion-resistant strategy / Silicon anodes / Lithium-ion battery

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Qinyi Zhan, Tianze Xu, Ziyun Zhao, Shuoyi Chen, Shichao Wu, Quan-Hong Yang. Reframing the Corrosion Effects of Silicon Anode Failures: Moving Beyond the Mechanical Paradigm. Electrochemical Energy Reviews, 2025, 8(1): 27 DOI:10.1007/s41918-025-00260-1

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